基于社会网络分析的旅游地乡村社会空间重构研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.09.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在商品经济影响下，乡村社会关系正发生多途径、多层次重构，由于社会关系与空间形态辩证统一，社会关系的异化将引起空间形态的变化。以南京市世凹美丽乡村示范村为案例，从传统社会结构观念与市场经济之间的冲突出发，建立研究假设，通过2014年、2016年和2018持续跟踪调查，运用社会网络分析方法揭示乡村经济社会空间交互过程。结果表明：① 所选乡村社会网络发展符合社会资本与市场制度相互作用的发展规律，具有替代效应、挤出效应与互补效应3个明显阶段，符合研究假设；② 网络模式由轮轴模式演化到“结构洞”模式再到合作与分派模式，且分别对应扩散型、分支型与簇群型网络结构，伴随行动者的淘汰与迁出与市场经济规则的增强；③ 空间重构主要表现为土地利用格局重构与乡村空间衰退现象，形成优势经营者区域、原住民的边缘集聚区、外来经营者区域与空间衰退区域。

关键词: 南京世凹美丽乡村, 社会网络分析, 社会关系, 空间重构

Abstract:

Today, affected by the transformation of China’s rural development mode, rural social relations are being reconstructed from many aspects, which includes not only rational improvement but also problems such as ‘constructive destruction’ and ‘disintegration of rural social structure’. Due to the dialectical unity of social relations and spatial forms, the alienation of social relations will cause changes in spatial forms, which contributes to the two main research purposes of this paper.The first is to comb the development process of rural tourism and explore the interactive relationship between economic development and social transformation by means of social networks. The second is to explore whether there is a correlation between social relations and spatial changes by investigating and recording the process of spatial change in the countryside, so as to reveal the spatial effects brought about by the evolution of social relations.To this end, following the continuous follow-up investigations of the beautiful countryside of Nanjing Shiwataoyuan village (Hereinafter referred to as Shiwa Village) in 2014, 2016, and 2018, this paper calculates each social network parameter index via social network analysis methods and analyzes the interactive process of rural economic and social space from 2012 to 2018 in detail. The results indicate: 1) The development of the selected rural social network conforms to the development law of the interaction between social capital and the market system, and has three distinct stages: substitution effect stage, crowding-out effect stage and complementary effect stage; 2) The network model evolves from the wheel and axis model to the ‘structure hole’ model and then to the cooperation and faction model, which corresponds to the diffusion, branch and cluster network structures respectively, accompanied by the elimination of actors and the enhancement of market economic rules; 3) Spatial reconstruction is mainly manifested in the reconstruction of land use pattern and the decline of rural space, during which process a dominant operator area, a marginal agglomeration area of aborigines, a foreign operator area and a spatial recession area are accordingly formed.

Key words: Shiwa Beautiful Village in Nanjing, social network analysis, social relationship, spatial reconstruction

中图分类号:

C912.3

陆天华, 于涛. 基于社会网络分析的旅游地乡村社会空间重构研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(9): 1522-1531.

Lu Tianhua, Yu Tao. Reconstruction of Rural Social Space in Tourist Destinations Based on Social Network Analysis: A Case Study of Shiwa Beautiful Village, Nanjing City[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(9): 1522-1531.

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阶段	关系	特性
第一阶段	替代	社会资本效率更高，正外部性大于负外部性
第二阶段	挤出	社会资本效率降低，发生零和博弈，市场制度开始排斥社会资本
第三阶段	互补	初始社会资本遭到挤出，新的社会关系与市场制度并存

发展阶段	调查时间	情景问题
第一阶段替代阶段	2014年4月	经营农家乐村里谁对你的影响最大？
		您认为村里人经营农家乐有谁是受您的直接影响吗？
第二阶段挤出阶段	2016年5月	在您家里改造时，谁对您家的帮助最大？
		您一般是从谁哪里获得经营改造政策一类的消息？
		哪些人来您家里宣传农家乐建设的事情次数最多？
第三阶段互补阶段	2018年10月	在您家里经营需要借钱时，你会最先考虑同村哪户？
		如果您家里的客源已满，您会把多出的客人介绍给谁？
		村里有没有哪户与您有重要的经营合作？

社会网络发展阶段	节点总数	网络密度	度中心度标准差	集中度
替代效应阶段（2012—2014年）	27	0.0229	6.572	35.21%
挤出效应阶段（2014—2016年）	30	0.138	5.414	25.62%
互补效应阶段（2016—2018年）	23	0.0354	3.012	8.17%

社会网络发展阶段	时间	网络类型	社会网络特征模式
第一阶段替代阶段	2012—2014年	扩散型网络	轮轴模式
第二阶段挤出阶段	2014—2016年	分支型网络	“结构洞”模式
第三阶段互补阶段	2016—2018年	簇群型网络	合作、派系模式