洞庭湖区旅游城镇化系统耦合协调性时空格局及影响因素

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.09.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于旅游产业、城镇化和生态环境耦合协调作用机理，运用耦合协调模型分析洞庭湖区2000—2018年17个县域旅游城镇化系统耦合协调性的时空格局及影响因素。结果表明：① 时序特征上，近20 a来耦合度和协调度呈现同步上升态势，两者均出现“一波三折”过程变化特点。耦合度增强的同时，协调度也随之增强，但滞后于耦合度的变化，协调水平有待提升。② 空间格局上，协调度与耦合度均呈现出“中部低、四周高”的分布特点。17个县域2个典型年份的耦合度和协调度出现了不同类型的转变，高层次耦合类型和协调类型的县域集中分布在洞庭湖外围地区，低层次的县域则集中分布在洞庭湖中部地区。③ 耦合协调类型的空间组合差异明显，由低层次向高层次转变的县域达到9个，组合类型的空间分布格局与耦合度和协调度的分异特征基本相似。④ 相关分析表明，协调度与表征旅游产业发展水平、城镇化发展水平和生态环境治理水平因子的较强相关性是形成这种时空分异格局的主要影响因素。

关键词: 旅游城镇化, 耦合协调性, 洞庭湖区

Abstract:

The internal coordination of tourism urbanization is the key to sustainable development. Based on coupling coordinative interactive mechanism, the coupling coordination model is used to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factor of tourism urbanization of 17 counties in the Dongting Lake region from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that: 1) The temporal features of coupling degree and coordination degree had increased synchronously for 20 years, both presenting the characteristics of fluctuating ups and downs. The average coupling degree reaches 0.526 2 that was in the high coupling phase, and the average coordination degree reaches 0.434 4 that was in the intermediate coordination stage. In the phase characteristics, coupling degree went through 2 phases of middle coupling and high coupling; coordination degree went through 3 phases of low coordination, middle coordination and high coordination. While the change of coordination degree lagged behind the change of coupling degree, which indicated that there was still room for the increase of coordination degree. 2) The spatial pattern of coordination degree and coupling degree both presented the characteristics of low in the middle and high around. In the past 20 years, there were 4 coupling type with low coupling, medium coupling, high coupling, and 3 coordination type with low coordination, medium coordination and high coordination. In the 2 typical years, the coordination degree and coupling degree of 17 counties showed different types of transformation. The counties of high-level coupling type and coordination type were concentrated in the periphery area of the Dongting Lake, represented by Yueyang City, Changde City and Yiyang City. While the counties of low-level were concentrated in the central area of the Dongting Lake, represented by Yuanjiang City and Nanxian City. 3) The spatial combination had a great difference between coupling and coordination types, there were 5 and 6 types respectively of spatial combination of coupling and coordination types in 17 counties in 2000 and 2018, and the number of counties transformed from low level to high level had reached 9. The spatial distribution pattern of combination types was basically similar to that of coupling degree and coordination degree. 4) Relative researches indicated that the main affecting factor of this kind of spatial differential distribution was the strong relationship between the coordination degree and the characterization of the development level of tourism, urbanization and environment. Therefore, the development of tourism urbanization in the Dongting Lake region should optimize a coordinative developmental mechanism for tourism, urbanization and environment, which plays the driving role of tourism, and consolidate the guarantee foundation for urbanization, and improve the supporting function of ecological environment. A series of corresponding measures will be used to promote internal coordination level of tourism urbanization, and achieve the synchronous development of coupling degree and coordination degree.

Key words: tourism urbanization, coupling coordination, the Dongting Lake Region

中图分类号:

F592.3

熊建新, 王文辉, 贺赛花, 尹妍, 唐朝凤. 洞庭湖区旅游城镇化系统耦合协调性时空格局及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(9): 1532-1542.

Xiong Jianxin, Wang Wenhui, He Saihua, Yin Yan, Tang Chaofeng. Spatio-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factor of Coupling Coordination of Tourism Urbanization System in the Dongting Lake Region[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(9): 1532-1542.

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子系统	评价指标	属性	权重
旅游产业子系统	入境旅游人次/万人次	正	0.0726
	国内旅游人次/万人次	正	0.1403
	国际旅游外汇收入/万美元	正	0.0648
	国内旅游收入/亿元	正	0.0949
	旅游交通通达度	正	0.1315
	旅游收入占GDP比重/%	正	0.0941
	旅游收入占第三产业比重/%	正	0.1502
	旅游从业人数所占比/%	正	0.0875
	旅游景点景区数/个	正	0.1641
城镇化子系统	城镇化率/%	正	0.1281
	人均GDP/元	正	0.1022
	城镇人口密度/（人/km²）	正	0.1457
	工业生产总值占GDP比重/%	正	0.0721
	第三产业产值占GDP比重/%	正	0.1348
	人均社会固定资产投资/（元/人）	正	0.0746
	第三产业从业人口比重/%	正	0.1132
	城镇居民人均可支配收入/元	正	0.0913
	人均城镇道路面积/（m²/人）	正	0.0751
	城镇年末登记失业率/%	负	0.0629
生态环境子系统	人均工业废气排放量/（t/人）	负	0.0927
	人均工业废水排放量/（t/人）	负	0.1105
	人均固体废弃物产生量/（t/人）	负	0.0962
	废水达标排放率/%	正	0.1146
	固体废弃物综合利用率/%	正	0.0913
	环境污染治理投资率/%	正	0.1145
	森林覆盖率/%	正	0.0921
	自然保护区占辖区面积比重/%	正	0.0840
	人均公园面积/（hm²/人）	正	0.0934
	建成区人均绿化面积/（hm²/人）	正	0.1107

因素	2000年	2002年	2004年	2006年	2008年	2010年	2012年	2014年	2016年	2018年
X₁	0.968**	0.972**	0.965**	0.971**	0.956**	0.985**	0.974**	0.983**	0.987**	0.992**
X₂	0.823**	0.827**	0.829**	0.834**	0.832**	0.838**	0.848**	0.855**	0.864**	0.875**
X₃	0.845**	0.848**	0.852**	0.863**	0.865**	0.871**	0.878**	0.885**	0.892**	0.912**
X₄	0.956**	0.957**	0.959**	0.967**	0.963**	0.978**	0.971**	0.984**	0.988**	0.994**
X₅	0.857**	0.861**	0.862**	0.866**	0.868**	0.872**	0.876**	0.879**	0.884**	0.907**
X₆	0.944**	0.949**	0.953**	0.957**	0.966**	0.974**	0.978**	0.982**	0.989**	0.991**
X₇	0.735**	0.737**	0.743**	0.746**	0.751**	0.761**	0.755**	0.767**	0.772**	0.813**
X₈	0.746**	0.748**	0.752**	0.754**	0.757**	0.764**	0.760**	0.765**	0.773**	0.806**
X₉	0.913**	0.924**	0.933**	0.940**	0.946**	0.957**	0.952**	0.964**	0.968**	0.977**

年份	2000	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010	2012	2014	2016	2018
废水达标排放率	76.6	78.6	82.9	87.3	90.0	92.6	93.5	94.2	95.3	96.4
固体废弃物综合利用率	56.2	58.3	64.6	70.9	80.2	89.4	91.3	92.4	94.0	95.7
环境污染治理投资率	0.51	0.57	0.64	0.72	0.76	0.82	0.98	1.15	1.23	1.38