地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 1593-1600.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.10.002

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地理学在新冠肺炎疫情早期防控中的学术响应及展望

薛冰1,2(), 肖骁1,2,3, 苏芳4, 唐呈瑞1,2, 程叶青5, 谢潇1,2, 赵宏波6, 王燕侠7, 张子龙8, 李京忠1,2,9,*()   

  1. 1. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，辽宁 沈阳 110016
    2. 辽宁省环境计算与可持续发展重点实验室，辽宁 沈阳 110016
    3. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
    4. 陕西科技大学经济与管理学院，陕西 西安 710021
    5. 海南师范大学地理与环境科学学院，海南 海口 571158
    6. 河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心，河南 开封 475001
    7. 甘肃省妇幼保健院妇幼保健科研中心，甘肃 兰州 730030
    8. 兰州大学资源环境学院，甘肃 兰州 730000
    9. 许昌学院城乡规划与园林学院，河南 许昌 461000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-03 出版日期:2020-10-10 发布日期:2020-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 李京忠 E-mail:xuebing@iae.ac.cn;zhong_lij@163.com
  • 作者简介:薛冰（1982−），男，江苏连云港人，研究员，博士，主要从事人地关系分析与区域可持续发展研究。E-mail： xuebing@iae.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41971166）资助

Geographical Academic Responses and Outlook in the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic Prevention and Control

Xue Bing1,2(), Xiao Xiao1,2,3, Su Fang4, Tang Chengrui1,2, Cheng Yeqing5, Xie Xiao1,2, Zhao Hongbo6, Wang Yanxia7, Zhang Zilong8, Li Jingzhong1,2,9,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
    2. Key Lab for Environmental Computation and Sustainability, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    4. School of Economics and Management, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi, China
    5. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
    6. Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
    7. Department of Scientific Research Center of Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
    8. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
    9. School of Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, Xuchang, China
  • Received:2020-03-03 Online:2020-10-10 Published:2020-12-05
  • Contact: Li Jingzhong E-mail:xuebing@iae.ac.cn;zhong_lij@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971166)

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摘要：

重大公共卫生突发事件如新冠肺炎等对区域人类活动有着深刻影响。作为以空间分析和人地关系为主要方法和对象的地理学，在疫情早期防控中的角色贡献以及未来趋势是迫切需要总结和讨论的重要议题。基于2020年1月20日~2月28日的文本数据，着重总结地理学者以及地理学视角下关于疫情的相关研究，地理学在疫情传播与扩散、区域规划与应急、数据与决策支撑等疫情早期防控方面做出了积极贡献，总结归纳了手机信令、百度迁徙数据等移动定位大数据与人工智能、数据挖掘、语义识别等新一代技术方法在疫情防控中发挥的支撑作用，反思提出未来应该在学科理论和防控措施方面，进一步优化风险预测模型、强化应急规划治理、加强国际合作及多学科数据交叉集成共享，从而提升应对重大公共卫生事件的科学性、主动性和高效性，为后疫情时期经济社会管理与空间治理提供科学支撑和依据。

关键词: 新冠肺炎疫情防控, 空间治理, 应急规划, 人地关系

Abstract:

Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) epidemic has spread rapidly across the country in a short period of time, and after January 23, 2020, major public health emergency first-level responses have been successively launched across the country. The NCP epidemic has become “a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the widest scope of infection, and the most difficult prevention and control in China since the founding of New China”. A major infectious epidemic has the general attributes of a geographic research object. Organizing an efficient emergency dispatch during a major epidemic involves a large amount of spatial information and attribute information. These cannot be separated from the comprehensive use of geographic information technology. The occurrence process of major infectious diseases and its consequences have a profound impact on the regional human-land complex system. How to make better use of geography expertise in early prevention and control to support decision-making is a question worthy of our in-depth consideration. With spatial analysis and human-land interaction as its major methodology, the contribution and development trend of geography in the prevention and control of epidemic situation is an important and urgent topics to be discussed and summarized. Based on a text-data analysis from Jan. 20 to Feb. 28, 2020, we emphatically summarize relevant research of geographers and others from the perspective of geography, systematically tease out the role and contribution of geography in this outburst epidemic situation in view of transmission and spread, regional planning and emergency, data and decision support. These research results reflect the responsibility and responsibility of geography for national and local scientific decision-making. We have found that new generations of geospatial big data, such as mobile phone signaling and Baidu migration data, have effectively solved the problems of untimely, inaccurate and inadequate predictions caused by the lack of information on population movements in previous health emergencies, and improved the simulation prediction of infectious disease models. At the same time, in epidemic prevention and control, geography research methods tend to be diversified, advanced, and intelligent. Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, data mining, and semantic recognition have been further applied, extending the geography’s technical methods to support public health safety prevention and control system. Through the merge and integration of methods supported by geography in the process of epidemic prevention and control, we presented the prospect of future in-depth studies which include spatial diffusion simulation, emergency facility location and urban planning, time response of geography to outburst epidemic situation, interdisciplinary research and data fusion sharing etc. Spatial diffusion models should be improved from studying the spread of different individuals to the dynamic transmission network between different regions, and from the study of discovering epidemic to predicting and preventing in advance. The government should focus on the application of concepts such as “flexible space” and “healthy space”, rationally lay out functional units and the public health system. Geographers should continue to broaden the thematic direction of international scientific research cooperation based on the international epidemic response situation. Multi-source big data and methods across departments and regions should be further integrated to analysis the relationship between infectious diseases and multiple environmental factors, supporting the implementation of scientific and efficient control measures. These prospects and reviews would help to offer theoretical support and practical reference for the early warning, and precise prevention of magnitude outburst public health incident, provide scientific support and basis for the economic and social management and space governance in the “post-epidemic” period.

Key words: epidemic prevention and control for NCP, space governance, contingency planning, man-land relationship

中图分类号: 

  • K901