蓝绿空间暴露对老年人健康的邻里影响

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2018年广州社区问卷数据、遥感影像、城市街景、环境污染等多元数据，提取多种蓝绿空间指标，并使用多层模型、中介效应模型和倾向值匹配法，探讨中国城市背景下蓝绿空间暴露影响老年人健康的“生物?心理?社会”邻里影响路径和机制，以及对不同社会阶层间的差异。研究发现，社区层面的蓝绿空间暴露与老年人的身心健康均存在显著相关；周围蓝绿空间程度通过促进体育锻炼、缓解压力提升老年人的身体健康，可达性通过促进社会交往提升老年人的心理健康；蓝绿空间暴露对老年人健康的影响在不同阶层间存在差异。为健康老龄化、健康城市建设提供科学参考。

关键词: 老年人, 健康, 蓝绿空间暴露, 邻里影响

Abstract:

Exposure to green and blue space refers to the surrounding green and blue space exposed in residence and activity place in daily life, which can bring about health benefits for residents. The neighborhood green and blue space is related to the elderly’s health. Based on questionnaire data in Guangzhou in 2018, remote sensing image, street scape and so on, we extracted various green and blue space indicators, etc. From the perspective of reducing harm, restoring capacities and restoring capacities, we also constructed research framework including five mediating pathway. This research employed multilevel linear regression model and mediating effect model and propensity score matching method to examine biopsychosocial pathways and mechanism linking exposure to green and blue space to the elderly’s health. According to this empirical analysis, firstly, neighborhood exposure to green and blue space is significantly associated with the elderly’s self-reported health and mental health; Secondly, physical activity encouragement and reduction in stress and social cohesion facilitation play a separate role in mediating the effect of green and blue space exposure on the elderly’s health, while reducing environmental harm and improving aesthetic pleasure did not perform significant role on the elderly’s health; Thirdly, the impact of exposure to green and blue space on the elderly's health differs significantly among different social strata. According to our findings and conclusions, we suggest the necessity of achieving 'Healthy city' and 'Health aging' construction, such as increasing the proportion of water body in public space, optimizing the layout of urban green space and improving vertical green space view, which provide new references for relevant public policies for the elderly.

Key words: the elderly, health, exposure to green and blue space, neighborhood effect

中图分类号:

K901.2

陈玉洁, 袁媛, 周钰荃, 刘晔. 蓝绿空间暴露对老年人健康的邻里影响[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(10): 1679-1687.

Chen Yujie, Yuan Yuan, Zhou Yuquan, Liu Ye. The Neighborhood Effect of Exposure to Green and Blue Space on the Elderly’s Health: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(10): 1679-1687.

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方法	GVI ATT		最近公园距离ATT		NDWI ATT
方法	PH	MH	PH	MH	PH	MH
邻近	0.051^*	0.576	0.267	0.494^*	0.217^*	0.368
半径	0.178^*	0.446^*	0.105^*	0.535^*	0.174^*	0.478^*
核心	0.036^*	0.471^*	0.185^*	0.348^*	0.168^*	0.434^*

	模型1a因变量：环境污染		模型1b因变量：压力		模型1c因变量：审美愉悦		模型1d因变量：健身时长		模型1e因变量：社会交往
	系数	S.E	系数	S.E	系数	S.E	系数	S.E	系数	S.E
NDVI	1.252^**	0.634	?0.221	0.332	?2.052^***	0.658	0.039	0.328	?0.689	0.831
GVI	?0.079	0.276	?0.124	0.219	?0.217	0.393	0.497^**	0.209	0.522	0.508
斑块分离度	0.329	0.429	?0.140	0.271	?0.882	0.564	0.203	0.447	?1.335*	0.678
最近公园距离	0.739	0.527	0.355	0.341	0.714	0.791	0.451	0.337	?0.265^***	0.853
NDWI	1.005^*	0.558	0.719^*	0.441	?1.346	0.841	?0.156	0.434	1.586	1.088
最近水体距离	0.470	0.452	?0.283	0.296	?1.445^**	0.625	?0.005	0.302	?1.031	0.799

	模型1 因变量：自评健康	模型3 因变量：心理健康	模型2a	模型3a	模型2b	模型3b	模型2c	模型3c	模型2d	模型3d	模型2e	模型3e
			中介变量
			环境污染	环境污染	压力	压力	审美愉悦	审美愉悦	健身时长	健身时长	社会交往	社会交往
NDVI	0.240	0.170	?0.031	?0.579	?0.122	?0.280	0.091	0.204	0.131	0.188	0.276	0.302
GVI	0.549^**	0.271	0.446^*	0.624	0.496^***	0.060	?0.545^*	0.105	0.494^**	0.201	0.555^**	0.249
斑块分离度	0.280	0.361	0.560	0.155	0.216	0.106	0.160	0.394	0.275	0.337	0.322	0.546
最近公园距离	?0.023	?1.345^*	?0.222	?1.484	0.141	?0.675^*	?0.278	?2.601^**	?0.243	?1.397^*	0.068	?0.944^*
NDWI	0.962^**	?0.686	0.721	0.032	0.593^*	0.741	?0.593	0.140	0.952^**	?0.708	1.004^**	?0.829
最近水体距离	?0.022	?0.069	?0.055	?0.421	?0154	?0.462	0.050	0.332	?0.072	0.082	0.018	0.246
环境污染			?0.084^**	?0.335^***
压力					?0.469^***	?1.902^***
审美愉悦							0.033	0.208^***
健身时长									0.123^***	0.140
社会交往											0.039^*	0.171^***
组内方差	1.002	2.510	0.691	0.872	1.090	3.05	0.623	5.992	0.462	1.014	0.352	1.346
组间方差	3.824	13.966	3.785	13.407	3.219	14.005	3.729	14.126	3.810	13.940	3.813	13.739
对数似然比	?2013.497	?2639.129	?1664.093	?2172.625	?1930.232	?2035.833	?1347.540	?1780.348	?2009.378	?2637.870	?2012.110	?2631.977
AIC	4080.809	5331.014	3384.867	4399.424	3916.704	4127.399	2754.040	3619.844	4079.250	5330.603	4080.053	5318.583

		分层	NDVI	GVI	斑块分离度	最近公园距离	NDWI	最近水体距离
模型4a（自评健康）	年龄	60~75岁	0.393	0.545^**	0.505	0.260	1.708^***	?0.063
		>75岁	?0.837	?0.281	?0.895	0.623	?0.992	?1.510^*
	性别	男	0.966^*	?0.121	0.078	0.541	2.446^***	0.136
		女	0.959^*	?0.586^*	0.192	?0.076	?0.238	?0.819^**
	收入	≤3000元	0.097	?0.084	?0.144	0.318	?0.389	?0.774
		>3000元	1.176^*	?0.915^***	0.598	?0.548	?1.686^**	0.416
模型4b（心理健康）	年龄	60~75岁	0.227	0.510	0.954	?0.507	?1.894	?0.024
		>75岁	?3.044^**	?0.702	?2.395^**	?0.663	2.177	?3.287^**
	性别	男	0.739	0.711	0.728	?0.676	3.684^**	0.179
		女	?1.648	0.017	?0.307	?0.515	0.012	?1.334
	收入	≤3000元	1.476^*	?0.853	0.129	?1.824^**	?0.105	?1.191
		>3000元	2.430^**	0.552	0.691	?0.512	?2.759^**	0.987