中国草地农业气候分区及其饲草栽培适宜性

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.10.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了草地农业区域优化发展，依W Koppen世界气候分类途径，进行了中国气候分类及草地农业气候分区，依据相应途径，制作了中国饲草寒冷度分区图和中国饲草炎热度分区图，分析了各饲草气候区适宜的饲草作物种类及管理对策。中国气候及草地农业气候有17个类型，归并为6个饲草气候系统，中国饲草寒冷度分11个区，中国饲草炎热度分8个区。每个气候系统及寒冷度分区和炎热度分区内，分别有适宜的饲草作物，其评价标准为：生态适应、生长状态正常、发挥潜在遗传产量、有经济效益。干旱饲草气候系统发展低密度放牧饲养，湿润饲草气候系统发展规模化集约饲养，为中国草地畜牧业生产模式的基本理论选择。

关键词: 气候分类, 草地农业, 饲草气候系统, 寒冷度分区, 炎热度分区, 草地畜牧业

Abstract:

The article based W Koppen Climate classification system and used database of Peel and China’s records of more than 700 climate station, produced a Koppen Climate classification system of Grassland agriculture for China, based approach of USDA plant hardness zone map and AHS plant heat zone map, produced a plant hardness zone map and a plant heat zone map for China. China included 5 climate zones (tropical climate zone, arid climate zone, temperate climate zone, cold climate zone and polar climate zone), 10 climate types (tropical monsoon climate type, tropical Savannah climate type, desert climate type, steppe climate type, dry winter temperate climate type, without dry season temperate climate type, dry summer cold climate type, dry winter cold climate type, without dry season cold climate type and tundra climate type), and 17 climate subtypes (tropical monsoon climate class, tropical Savannah climate class, cold desert climate class, cold steppe climate class, hot summer-dry winter temperate climate class, warm summer-dry winter temperate climate class, hot summer-without dry season temperate climate class, warm summer-without dry season temperate climate class, warm summer-dry summer cold climate class, cold summer-dry summer cold climate class, hot summer-dry winter cold climate class, warm summer-dry winter cold climate class, cold summer-dry winter cold climate class, hot summer-without dry season cold climate class, warm summer-without dry season cold climate class, cold summer- without dry season cold climate class and tundra climate class). We identified 6 forage climate systems in China, including cold wet forage climate system, temperate wet forage climate system, warm wet forage climate system, steppe forage climate system, desert forage climate system and cold dry forage climate system. According to the standard of plant hardiness zonation, there were 11 plant hardiness zones divided in China. The temperature of zone 1 is lower than ?39.2°C and that of zone 11 is higher than 11.2°C. According to the standard of plant heat zonation, China contained 8 plant heat zones. The number of days in zone 1 was less than 1 day, and the number of days in zone 8 was greater than 165 days. We summarized a list of forage crops in each forage climate system of agriculture grassland for China, discussed its adaptability and profitability (suitability) and managing strategy for each forage climate system.

Key words: climate classification, grassland agriculture, forages climate system, hardiness zone, heat zone, grassland farming

中图分类号:

周道玮, 王婷, 王智颖, 李强, 黄迎新. 中国草地农业气候分区及其饲草栽培适宜性[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(10): 1731-1741.

Zhou Daowei, Wang Ting, Wang Zhiying, Li Qiang, Huang Yingxin. Climate Zone of Grassland Agriculture and Its Forage Suitability in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(10): 1731-1741.

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一级类型	比例	面积	二级类型	比例	面积	三级类型	比例	面积
热湿气候	0.17	1.64	热湿季雨林气候	0.07	0.63	热湿季雨林气候	0.07	0.63
热湿气候	0.17	1.64	热湿干草原气候	0.11	1.01	热湿干草原气候	0.11	1.01
温湿气候	26.04	249.97	温湿干冬气候	13.12	125.91	温湿干冬热夏气候	9.19	88.22
			温湿干冬气候	13.12	125.91	温湿干冬温夏气候	3.93	37.68
			温湿无干季气候	12.92	124.07	温湿无干季热夏气候	12.89	123.73
			温湿无干季气候	12.92	124.07	温湿无干季温夏气候	0.04	0.34
冷湿气候	28.59	274.51	冷湿干夏气候	0.10	0.96	冷湿干夏温夏气候	0.06	0.62
			冷湿干夏气候	0.10	0.96	冷湿干夏冷夏气候	0.04	0.34
			冷湿干冬气候	27.81	266.96	冷湿干冬热夏气候	9.90	95.06
						冷湿干冬温夏气候	10.49	100.72
						冷湿干冬冷夏气候	7.41	71.18
			冷湿无干季气候	0.69	6.58	冷湿无干季热夏气候	0.10	0.99
						冷湿无干季温夏气候	0.49	4.72
						冷湿无干季冷夏气候	0.09	0.87
干旱气候	41.02	393.80	干旱荒漠气候	25.30	242.84	干旱荒漠冷性气候	25.30	242.84
干旱气候	41.02	393.80	干旱草原气候	15.73	150.96	干旱草原冷性气候	15.73	150.96
极地气候	4.17	40.07	极地苔原气候	4.17	40.07	极地苔原气候	4.17	40.07

气候系统	面积/10⁴km²	最高温~最低温/℃	>0℃生长日/d	>0℃积温/℃	降水/mm
冷湿饲草气候系统	165.5	30.6~?26.9	237	2716.7	522.1
温湿饲草气候系统	121.6	35.3~?19.5	279	4204.5	581.6
暖湿饲草气候系统	273.9	36.5~?2.7	360	6415.1	1341.7
草原饲草气候系统	128.2	32.8~?26.5	237	3059.8	297.7
荒漠饲草气候系统	231.7	37.0~?21.8	262	4087.2	92.5
寒旱饲草气候系统	39.2	20.7~?29.4	174	1035.4	447.5