地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 1753-1762.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.10.019

• • 上一篇    

天津市单次极端低温过程中城市热岛对建筑负荷的影响

孟凡超1(), 郭军1,*(), 李明财2, 张雷3, 张瑞雪4   

  1. 1. 天津市气候中心，天津 300074
    2. 天津市气象科学研究所，天津 300074
    3. 中国气象局国家气象信息中心，北京 100081
    4. 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京 100013
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-21 出版日期:2020-10-10 发布日期:2020-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 郭军 E-mail:E-mail:mfc08014072@163.com;E-mail:guojun@cma.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:孟凡超（1983 −），女，辽宁阜新人，工程师，博士，主要从事城市气候与应用气候研究。E-mail: mfc08014072@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFA0606302）、天津市气象局博士基金项目（201744bsjj04）资助

Impacts of Urban Heat Island on Building Loads During A Single Extreme Low-temperature Process in Tianjin City

Meng Fanchao1(), Guo Jun1,*(), Li Mingcai2, Zhang Lei3, Zhang Ruixue4   

  1. 1. Tianjin Climate Center, Tianjin 300074, China
    2. Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science, Tianjin 300074, China
    3. National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
    4. China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China
  • Received:2019-10-21 Online:2020-10-10 Published:2020-12-05
  • Contact: Guo Jun E-mail:E-mail:mfc08014072@163.com;E-mail:guojun@cma.gov.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0606302), Doctoral Fund of Tianjin Meteorological Service (201744bsjj04)

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

摘要：

基于自动气象站实测资料，通过模拟天津市办公建筑逐时供暖负荷，重点分析了极端低温过程中城市热岛对建筑小时供暖负荷的影响，以期为精细化供暖调控和节能设计提供参考。结果表明：2009—2017年城市和乡村办公建筑供暖负荷均呈减少趋势，城市供暖负荷较乡村平均每年减少7.46%。城市热岛强度(Urban heat island intensity, UHII)每上升1℃，城市办公建筑年供暖负荷较乡村减少2.19 kWh/m2，即热岛强度的增加使城市办公建筑供暖需求有所减少，有利于城市建筑的供暖节能。以2016年1月21~25日典型极端低温过程为例，研究发现，低温过程中城乡小时供暖负荷明显增加，较低温前和低温后增加约10%~20%。受大尺度天气过程影响，低温过程中城乡气温差异变小，UHII减弱。低温前和低温后城市供暖负荷较乡村减少约6%~8%，而低温过程中城市较乡村仅减少约3%；另外，在低温过程中，北京时间07:00~19:00的高负荷时段城乡供暖负荷差异不明显，这些结果表明低温过程中城市热岛对办公建筑供暖负荷的影响不大。

关键词: 城市热岛, 极端低温过程, 供暖负荷, 办公建筑, 乡村参考气象站

Abstract:

For better heating regulation and energy-saving design, the impact of urban heat island (UHI) on office building hourly heating loads during extreme low-temperature process, were analyzed based on the observed hourly data from auto-weather stations and the simulated heating loads during the heating periods in Tianjin, a large city in Northern China. The results showed the heating loads of office buildings decreased from 2009 to 2017, and the average annual heating loads in urban were 7.46% lower than rural areas. For every 1°C increase in Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII), the annual heating loads of office buildings decreased by 2.19 kWh/m2 in urban compared with rural areas. The increase of the UHII reduce the heating loads of office buildings in urban, which is beneficial to the heating energy saving of urban buildings. Taking a typical extreme low-temperature process from January 21 to 25, 2016 as an example, we found that the hourly heating loads of office buildings in urban and rural areas have increased significantly, which increased by approximately 10%-20% than before and after the low-temperature process. Affected by large-scale weather processes, the temperature difference between urban and rural areas becomes smaller and the UHII becomes weaker during the low-temperature process. The decrease values of the heating load in urban than that in rural areas were 6%-8% before and after the low-temperature process, but which was approximately 3% during the low-temperature process. Moreover, the difference of heating loads in urban and rural areas was not obvious from 0700 LST to 1900 LST in high load period during the low-temperature process. These results show that the urban heat island has little effect on the heating loads of office buildings during the low-temperature process.

Key words: urban heat island, extreme low-temperature process, heating loads, office buildings, rural weather station

中图分类号: 

  • P463.3