东北地区高质量发展评价及其空间特征

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.11.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从高质量发展的内涵出发，结合东北地区的区域特色，构建有效性、稳定性、协调性、创新性、持续性和分享性6个维度的34项具体指标，测度其发展现状及空间差异。研究发现：大连市、沈阳市、长春市、哈尔滨市等副省级市的高质量发展水平位居前列；高质量发展整体呈“南高北低”且沿哈大线形成“隆起带”的基本格局；协调性和持续性水平较高的地市集聚于辽中南和哈长经济区，有效性和创新性水平较高的地市主要分布于哈大交通走廊沿线，稳定性和分享性水平高的地市则主要分布于东北地区西部和中部；将各地市划分为7种类型，对应不同的发展短板和提升重点。

关键词: 高质量发展, 东北地区, 指标体系, 空间特征

Abstract:

High-quality development is the basic feature of China’s economy and society in the new era, and is the only way for the development of Northeast China under the new normal. Based on the specific connotation of high-quality development and the regional characteristics of Northeast China, we constructed an index system of 34 specific indicators form six dimensions: Effectiveness, stability, coordination, innovation, sustainability and sharing. Then we measured the high-quality development status, explored their spatial differences and shortcomings of development in various regions, and finally put forward the promotion path for different types of regions. In this article, we found that the level of high-quality development in Northeast China is lower than the national average, and only seven cities are above the average, they are Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin, Daqing, Panjin and Benxi. On the whole, the effectiveness and stability of economic development in Northeast China are good, but the coordination, innovation and sharing are poor. Specifically, the shortcomings of development mainly include the proportion of the tertiary industry, the degree of dependence on foreign trade, the proportion of research and development investment in GDP, the number of patent grants per 10 000 people, and the growth rate of urban and rural residents' income. Therefore, the key to promote high-quality development in the future is to develop the tertiary industry and foreign trade, increase R & D investment, encourage invention patents, and increase the income of urban and rural residents. The high-quality development level of sub-provincial cities such as Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun, and Harbin are in the forefront. The overall pattern of high-quality development is ‘high in the south and low in the north’ and ‘uplift belt’ is formed along the Harbin-Dalian Railway. Cities with higher levels of coordination and sustainability are concentrated in central and southern Liaoning and Harbin-Changsha economic zone; Cities with high effectiveness and innovation level are mainly distributed along the Harbin-Dalian traffic corridor, while cities with high stability and sharing level are mainly distributed in the western and central parts of Northeast China. According to the score value of each dimension, all cities can be divided into seven types, and each type has different development shortcomings and upgrade path. For example, Dalian and Shenyang should improve the stability and sustainability, while Chaoyang, Suihua, Liaoyuan, Songyuan and Mudanjiang should improve the innovation and sharing. This research can help to enrich the theoretical research of high-quality development evaluation and provide reference for the high-quality development of Northeast China and other regions.

Key words: high-quality development, Northeast China, index system, spatial characteristics

中图分类号:

K902

王伟, 王成金. 东北地区高质量发展评价及其空间特征[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(11): 1795-1802.

Wang Wei, Wang Chengjin. Evaluation and Spatial Differentiation of High-quality Development in Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(11): 1795-1802.

图/表 4

Table 1

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Fig.3

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一级指标及权重	二级指标及权重	一级指标及权重	二级指标及权重
注：不含大兴安岭地区、延边朝鲜族自治州基础数据。
有效性（0.2147）	经济增长率（0.0142）	持续性（0.0426）	人均工业废水排放量（0.0075）
	劳动生产率（0.0350）		人均工业二氧化硫排放量（0.0090）
	投资产出率（0.0474）		人均工业烟尘排放量（0.0043）
	土地产出率（0.0729）		一般工业废物综合利用率（0.0120）
	能源利用率（0.0452）		化肥施用强度（0.0098）
稳定性（0.0356）	经济增长波动率（0.0050）	分享性（0.2902）	人均GDP（0.0425）
	失业率（0.0154）		城乡居民收入比（0.0164）
	通货膨胀率（0.0152）		农村居民收入增长率（0.0089）
协调性（0.1917）	单位面积农用机械总动力（0.0176）		城镇居民收入增长率（0.0225）
	有效灌溉面积比重（0.0204）		人均医疗床位数（0.0153）
	人均工业产值（0.0463）		人均普通中小学在校人数（0.0175）
	第三产业增加值比重（0.0160）		人均普通高等学校在校人数（0.0632）
	城市化率（0.0138）		每万人公共汽车运营数量（0.0376）
	外贸依存度（0.0776）		每万人私人汽车保有量（0.0090）
创新性（0.2252）	R&D投入占GDP的比重（0.0634）		人均公共图书馆图书总藏量（0.0535）
	每万人专利授权数（0.0553）		电视节目综合人口覆盖率（0.0038）
	人均科技投入（0.0887）
	人均教育投入（0.0178）