面向高质量发展的中国城市体检方法体系探讨

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.001

地理科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 1-12.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.001

• • 下一篇

面向高质量发展的中国城市体检方法体系探讨

张文忠¹^,²(), 何炬¹^,², 谌丽³

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学资源环境学院，北京 100190
3.北京联合大学应用文理学院，北京 100191

收稿日期:2020-12-02 修回日期:2020-12-17 出版日期:2021-01-10 发布日期:2021-03-04
作者简介:张文忠（1966-），男，内蒙古呼和浩特人，研究员，博导，主要从事宜居城市、资源型城市和产业发展规划等方面的研究。E-mail: zhangwz@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41871170);中国科学院美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA23100302)

Method System of Urban Physical Examination for High Quality Development in China

Zhang Wenzhong¹^,²(), He Ju¹^,², Chen Li³

1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3. College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2020-12-02 Revised:2020-12-17 Online:2021-01-10 Published:2021-03-04
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871170);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23100302)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

改革开放40 a来，中国的城市规划、建设和管理水平发生了质的改变，但快速城镇化所引发的城市问题日益突出。城市体检概念应运而生，并逐渐从国家战略落实到城市高质量发展的具体实践中。在梳理和解析城市体检背景及其作用的基础上，详细阐述城市体检指标设计的逻辑框架，梳理城市体检各指标间的关系，辨析不同尺度间城市体检的异同，提出中国城市体检的方法，旨在对中国城市体检提供理论依据。

关键词: 城市体检, 城市高质量发展, 城市病, 城市有机体

Abstract:

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the urban planning, construction and management in China has undergone qualitative changes, but the urban problems caused by rapid urbanization are still increasingly prominent. The concept of urban physical examination arises at the historic moment and is gradually implemented from the national strategy to the concrete practice of urban high-quality development. On the basis of sorting out and analyzing the background and function of urban physical examination. This article starts from the core connotation of high-quality urban development in China, which is eco-livable, distinctive, diverse and inclusive, innovative, healthy and comfortable, safe and resilient, convenient transportation, clean and orderly. We design the index logical framework of urban physical examination from the above eight aspects and sorts out the relationship among various indicators of urban physical examination. Urban physical examination must be a ‘global physical examination’ rather than a ‘department physical examination’, so the urban physical examination has the dual function of ‘examination of general planning’ and ‘physical examination of a city’. The article points out that we should adopt the trinity of physical examination, third party physical examination and social satisfaction survey, and apply the closed-loop mode of ‘evaluation-feedback-governance’. It also analyzes the similarities and differences of urban physical examination in different scales, proposes the methods of urban physical examination in China. This article aims to provide theoretical guidance for urban physical examination in China and provide a research framework and scientific support for future urban physical examination research topics

Key words: urban physical examination, high quality urban development, urban disease, urban organism

中图分类号:

K901.2

张文忠, 何炬, 谌丽. 面向高质量发展的中国城市体检方法体系探讨[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(1): 1-12.

Zhang Wenzhong, He Ju, Chen Li. Method System of Urban Physical Examination for High Quality Development in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(1): 1-12.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

表1

城市体检指标体系"

维度定位	维度	二级指标	正负向属性
发展基础	安全韧性	城市建成区积水内涝点密度	－
		城市万车死亡率	－
		城市每万人年度较大建设事故发生数	－
		人均避难场所面积	+
		城市二级及以上医院覆盖率	+
		城市医疗废物处理能力	+
		人均城市大型公共设施具备应急改造条件的面积	+
	健康舒适	社区便民服务设施覆盖率	+
		社区养老服务设施覆盖率	+
		普惠性幼儿园覆盖率	+
		社区卫生服务中心门诊分担率	+
		人均社区体育场地面积	+
		老旧小区用地面积占比	－
		高层高密度住宅用地占比	－
		高密度医院占比	+
工作手段	交通便捷	建成区高峰时间平均机动车速度	+
		城市道路网密度	+
		城市常住人口平均单程通勤时间	－
		居住区停车泊位与小汽车拥有量的比例	+
		公共交通出行分担率	+
	整洁有序	城市生活垃圾回收利用率	+
		城市生活污水集中收集率	+
		建成区公厕设置密度	+
		城市各类管网普查建档率	+
		实施专业化物业管理的住宅小区占比	+
发展动力	多元包容	常住人口基本公共服务覆盖率	+
		公共空间无障碍设施覆盖率	+
		房租收入比	－
		房价收入比	－
	创新活力	城市常住人口中户籍人口比例	+
		城镇新增就业人口中大学（大专及以上）文化程度人口比例	+
		全社会R&D支出占GDP比重	+
		非公经济增长率	+
		万人高新技术企业数	+
发展目标	生态宜居	区域开发强度	－
		城市蓝绿空间占比	+
		空气质量优良天数	+
		城市水环境质量优于V类比例	+
		公园绿地服务半径覆盖率	+
		城市绿道密度	+
	风貌特色	城市历史文化街区保存完整率	+
		工业遗产利用率	+
		城市历史建筑平均密度	+
		城市国内外游客吸引力	+

表1

表2

图4

图5

图6

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尺度层级	关注重点	体检范围	调查群体（满意度调查）	体检方式	体检内容
注:调查群体部分，满意度调查方式为根据人口规模等比配额抽样调查，非全覆盖调查。
城市层级	城市定位实现程度；城市总体发展目标	全市域范围	市域范围各类群体	自体检、第三方体检、满意度调查	生态宜居、健康舒适、安全韧性、交通便捷、风貌特色、整洁有序、多元包容、创新活力
城区层级	城区功能定位状况；公共基础设施建设情况	区辖区范围	（不限于）区辖区范围内各类群体为主
街道层级	街道人居环境质量；便民设施情况	街道范围	（不限于）街道范围内各类群体为主
社区层级	居民生活质量；便民设施情况	社区范围	社区管理员及社区居民为主

面向高质量发展的中国城市体检方法体系探讨

Method System of Urban Physical Examination for High Quality Development in China

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