地理科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 83-91.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.009
收稿日期:
2019-11-23
修回日期:
2020-02-06
出版日期:
2021-01-25
发布日期:
2021-03-04
通讯作者:
杨钊
E-mail:chengh2009@126.com;yangzhao@mail.ahnu.edu.cn
作者简介:
程豪(1988-),男,安徽六安人,博士研究生,讲师,主要从事旅游移民与旅游管理研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
Cheng Hao1,2(), Yang Zhao1,*(
)
Received:
2019-11-23
Revised:
2020-02-06
Online:
2021-01-25
Published:
2021-03-04
Contact:
Yang Zhao
E-mail:chengh2009@126.com;yangzhao@mail.ahnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
在流动性的总体框架中思考中国新兴的乡村旅居现象,界定乡村旅居的基本内涵,借助国外相关实证研究结果中的元数据和主要观点,分析和探讨了乡村旅居的若干属性,结果表明:①乡村旅居以乡村性所提供的核心价值为本源驱动,是乡村旅游发展的阶段性产物,其与各类现代乡村旅游活动共享了相同的3维驱动力空间。②在休闲时间和可支配收入既定的情况下,考虑旅行经历和体能的调节作用,可以划分出4种旅居行为模式。除模式4强调对大众旅游需求的补偿心理之外,其他均以旅居为主,根本区分依据是驱动力属性。最后,参考国外第二居所流动模型,基于研究结果提出有关乡村旅居地发展模式的假设。
中图分类号:
程豪, 杨钊. 从大众旅游到乡村旅居:乡村区域旅游发展的新趋势——基于元方法的驱动力分析与旅居地假设[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(1): 83-91.
Cheng Hao, Yang Zhao. From Mass Tourism to Rural Stay: A Meta-approach to Driving Force and a Hypothesis for Rural Stay Destination[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(1): 83-91.
表1
题项重编码结果"
动机变量 | 动机变量 | 动机变量 | ||
注:括号内数值为每个变量出现的频次,经过迭代分析,频次大于8的变量被纳入最终的分析模型。 | ||||
m 1. 寻求宁静/安静(17) | m 20. 为了孩子(9) | m 39. 学习新事物(21) | ||
m 2. 追求精神性(6) | m 21. 能接受的价格/成本(7) | m 40. 学习文化/历史知识(6) | ||
m 3. 亲近自然(19) | m 22. 乡村生活/活动(13) | m 41. 探索新的地方(8) | ||
m 4. 气候/温度/环境/自然之声(10) | m 23. 地方食物(16) | m 42. 体验新事物(15) | ||
m 5. 优美的风景(17) | m 24. 新的生活方式(5) | m 43. 为了身心健康/幸福(17) | ||
m 6. 放松(22) | m 25. 体验简单的生活方式(7) | m 44. 保持良好的外观(5) | ||
m 7. 身体休息(9) | m 26. 遇见并与当地人互动(11) | m 45. 身体锻炼/运动/活动(13) | ||
m 8. 精神休息(10) | m 27. 与朋友在一起(16) | m 46. 户外活动/自然活动(8) | ||
m 9. 恢复精力(13) | m 28. 遇见有共同兴趣的人(13) | m 47. 自豪感/成就(11) | ||
m 10. 慢节奏(5) | m 29. 见识新的人群(13) | m 48. 反思自我(7) | ||
m 11. 远离拥挤(9) | m 30. 社交机会(6) | m 49. 自信(6) | ||
m 12. 野外体验(6) | m 31. 获得快乐/愉悦(15) | m 50. 自我提升(13) | ||
m 13. 独立性和自由(8) | m 32. 冒险/刺激/激动(19) | m 51. 声望/受尊重(11) | ||
m 14. 自我放纵(14) | m 33. 做有挑战性的事 (9) | m 52. 与他人竞争(5) | ||
m 15. 独处(12) | m 34. 逃离(31) | m 53. 与他人分享美好事物(13) | ||
m 16. 目的地文化(17) | m 35. 远离工作和家庭所需(6) | m 54. 去一个著名的目的地(5) | ||
m 17. 到访纪念馆/遗产地等(9) | m 36. 释放压力(15) | m 55. 良好的目的地属性(21) | ||
m 18. 节日/活动(8) | m 37. 追求原真性(5) | |||
m 19. 与家人在一起(21) | m 38. 了解自然/野生动物(5) |
[1] | Lane B. What is rural tourism?[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1994, 2 (1): 7-22 |
[2] |
Hernandez J M, Suarez-Vega R, Santana-Jimenez Y. The inter-relationship between rural and mass tourism: The case of Catalonia, Spain[J]. Tourism Management, 2016, 54 43-57
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.10.015 |
[3] |
Almeida A M M, Correiab A, Pimpao A. Segmentation by benefits sought: The case of rural tourism in Madeira[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2014, 17 (9): 813-831
doi: 10.1080/13683500.2013.768605 |
[4] |
Haug B, Dann G M S, Mehmetoglu M. Little Norway in Spain: From tourism to migration[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2007, 34 (1): 202-222
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2006.07.011 |
[5] | Onyx J, Leonard R. Australian grey nomads and American snowbirds: Similarities and differences[J]. Journal of Tourism Studies, 2005, 16 (1): 61-68 |
[6] | 马凌, 孙九霞, 朱竑. 流动、旅游与后现代——一个研究视角与一种精神转向[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32 (3): 146-151 |
Ma Lin, Sun Jiuxia, Zhu Hong. Mobility, tourism and postmodernism: A research perspective and a spiritual turn. Human Geography, 2017, 32 (3): 146-151 | |
[7] |
李艳凝, 徐红罡. 游客还是居民——旅居拉萨和尼泊尔的自主经营者[J]. 旅游论坛, 2009, 2 (2): 182-187
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3784.2009.02.006 |
Li Yanning, Xu Honggang. From tourists to life-style entrepreneur: Chinese tourists in Lhasa and Nepel. Tourism Forum, 2009, 2 (2): 182-187
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3784.2009.02.006 |
|
[8] |
李柏文, 田里. 中国小城镇旅游研究综述[J]. 旅游论坛, 2009, 2 (5): 678-684
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3784.2009.05.009 |
Li Baiwen, Tian Li. A research summary of China town tourism. Tourism Forum, 2009, 2 (5): 678-684
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3784.2009.05.009 |
|
[9] |
李柏文, 毛志睿. 旅游目的地“旅居社会”的建构与发展研究[J]. 华东经济管理, 2012, 26 (11): 64-67
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5097.2012.11.015 |
Li Baiwen, Mao Zhirui. Analysis on the construction and development of sojourn society in tourism destination. East China Economic Management, 2012, 26 (11): 64-67
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5097.2012.11.015 |
|
[10] | 演克武, 陈瑾, 陈晓雪. 乡村振兴战略下田园综合体与旅居养老产业的对接融合[J]. 企业经济, 2018, (8): 152-159 |
Yan Kewu, Chen Jin, Chen Xiaoxue. Integration of pastoral complex and residential pension industry under the strategy of rural revitalization. Enterprise Economy, 2018, (8): 152-159 | |
[11] | 王金莲, 苏勤, 吴骁骁, 等. 旅游地理学视角下第二居所旅居研究[J]. 人文地理, 2019, 34 (1): 90-98 |
Wang Jinlian, Su Qing, Wu Xiaoxiao et al. Research in second home sojourn: A review from tourism geography perspective. Human Geography, 2019, 34 (1): 90-98 | |
[12] |
Lane B, Kastenholz E. Rural tourism: the evolution of practice and research approaches—Towards a new generation concept?[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2015, 23 (8-9): 1133-1156
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1083997 |
[13] |
Müller D K. Second homes in the Nordic countries: Between common heritage and exclusive commodity[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2007, 7 (3): 193-201
doi: 10.1080/15022250701300272 |
[14] | Kastenholz E, Eusébio C, Carneiro M J. Segmenting the rural tourist market by sustainable travel behaviour: Insights from village visitors in Portugal[J]. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2018, 10 132-142 |
[15] | Sheller M, Urry J. The new mobilities paradigm[J]. Environment & Planning A, 2012, 38 (2): 207-226 |
[16] |
Müller D K, Marjavaara R. From second home to primary residence: Migration towards recreational properties in Sweden 1991-2005[J]. Tijdschrift Voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2012, 103 (1): 53-68
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.2011.00674.x |
[17] |
Su B. Rural tourism in China[J]. Tourism Management, 2011, 32 1438-1441
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.12.005 |
[18] |
Bel F, Lacroix A, Lyser S et al. Domestic demand for tourism in rural areas: Insights from summer stays in three French regions[J]. Tourism Management, 2015, 46 562-570
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.07.020 |
[19] | Juschten M, Brandenburg C, Hössinger R. Out of the city heat—Way to less or more sustainable futures?[J]. Sustainability, 2019, 11 (1): 1-23 |
[20] |
Ohe Y, Ikei H, Song C et al. Evaluating the relaxation effects of emerging forest-therapy tourism: A multidisciplinary approach[J]. Tourism Management, 2017, 62 322-334
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.04.010 |
[21] |
Huang W J, Beecob J A, Hallo J C et al. Bundling attractions for rural tourism development[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2016, 24 (10): 1387-1402
doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1115510 |
[22] |
Han J. Vacationers in the countryside: Traveling for tranquility?[J]. Tourism Management, 2019, 70 299-310
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.001 |
[23] |
Park D B, Lee H J, Yoon Y S. Understanding the benefit sought by rural tourists and accommodation preferences: A South Korea case[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2014, 16 (3): 291-302
doi: 10.1002/jtr.1929 |
[24] |
Dan G M S. Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1977, 4 (4): 184-194
doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(77)90037-8 |
[25] | Kim Y J, Pearce P L, Morrison A M et al. Mature vs. youth travelers: The Korean market[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 1996, 1 (1): 102-112 |
[26] |
Wong K M, Musa G. Retirement motivation among ‘malaysiamy second home’ participants[J]. Tourism Management, 2014, 40 141-154
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.06.002 |
[27] |
Plog S. Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity[J]. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 1974, 14 (4): 55-58
doi: 10.1177/001088047401400409 |
[28] |
Ma M, Hassink R. An evolutionary perspective on tourism area development[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2013, 41 89-109
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.004 |
[29] |
Lue C C, Crompton J L, Fesenmaier D R. Conceptualization of multi-destination pleasure trips[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1993, 20 (2): 289-301
doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(93)90056-9 |
[30] |
Chen L J, Chen W P. Push-pull factors in international birders' travel[J]. Tourism Management, 2015, 48 416-425
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.011 |
[31] | Navrátil J, Martinát S, Kallabová E. Framework for utilizing angling as a tourism development tool in rural areas[J]. Agricultural Economics, 2009, 55 (10): 508-518 |
[32] |
Brandano M G, Osti L, Pulina M. An integrated demand and supply conceptual framework: Investigating agritourism services[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2018, 20 (6): 7 13-725
doi: 10.1002/jtr.2218 |
[33] |
Loeber R, Schmaling K B. Empirical evidence for overt and covert patterns of antisocial conduct problems: A meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1985, 13 (2): 337-352
doi: 10.1007/BF00910652 |
[34] |
Shafer A. Meta-analysis of the brief psychiatric rating scale factor structure[J]. Psychological Assessment, 2005, 17 (3): 324-335
doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.17.3.324 |
[35] | Leeuw J, Mair P. Multidimensional scaling using majorization: SMACOF in R[J]. Journal of Statistical Software, 2009, 31 (3): 1-30 |
[36] |
Lasanta T, Laguna M, Vicente-Serrano S M. Do tourism-based ski resorts contribute to the homogeneous development of the mediterranean mountains? A case study in the Central Spanish Pyrenees[J]. Tourism Management, 2007, 28 1326-1339
doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.01.003 |
[37] | 袁源, 张小林, 李红波, 等. 西方国家乡村空间转型研究及其启示[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39 (8): 1219-1227 |
Yuan Yuan, Zhang Xiaolin, Li Hongbo et al. Rural spacetransition in Western Countries and its inspiration. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39 (8): 1219-1227 | |
[38] | Cheng H, Yang Z, Liu S. Rural stay: A new type of rural tourism in China[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2020,37(6):711-726. |
[39] | 吴吉林, 周春山, 谢文海. 传统村落农户乡村旅游适应性评价与影响因素研究——基于湘西州6个村落的调查[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38 (5): 755-763 |
Wu Jilin, Zhou Chunshan, Xie Wenhai. The influencing factors and evaluation of farmer’s adaptability towards rural tourism in traditional village: Based on the survey of 6 villages in Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38 (5): 755-763 | |
[40] |
Kauppila P, Saarinen J, Leinonen R. Sustainable tourism planning and regional development in peripheries: A nordic view[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2009, 9 (4): 424-435
doi: 10.1080/15022250903175274 |
[41] | 樊立惠, 王鹏飞, 王成, 等. 中国农村空间商品化与乡村重构及其研究展望[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39 (2): 316-324 |
Fan Lihui, Wang Pengfei, Wang Cheng et al. Commodification of rural spaces and rural restructuring and their future research directions in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39 (2): 316-324 |
[1] | 孙九霞, 陈景, 黄秀波. 大理洱海旅游环境治理事件中的主体博弈与权益协商[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(9): 1468-1475. |
[2] | 吴吉林, 刘帅, 刘水良, 谢文海, 姚春桂. 张家界农户乡村旅游脆弱性评价与影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(8): 1336-1344. |
[3] | 董文静, 王昌森, 张震. 山东省乡村振兴与乡村旅游时空耦合研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(4): 628-636. |
[4] | 樊立惠, 王鹏飞, 王成, 范艺娜. 中国农村空间商品化与乡村重构及其研究展望[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(2): 316-324. |
[5] | 刘美新, 蔡晓梅, 麻国庆. 乡村民宿“家”的生产过程与权力博弈:广东惠州上良村案例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(12): 1884-1893. |
[6] | 张环宙, 李秋成, 黄祖辉. 亲缘网络对农民乡村旅游创业意愿的影响——基于浙江浦江农户样本实证[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(11): 1787-1795. |
[7] | 王文辉, 白冰, 张茵. 相对剥夺视角下的乡村旅游地居民不规范行为研究——以江西婺源县李坑、思溪为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(11): 1814-1821. |
[8] | 王新越,朱文亮. 山东省乡村旅游竞争力评价与障碍因素分析[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(1): 147-155. |
[9] | 吴吉林, 周春山, 谢文海. 传统村落农户乡村旅游适应性评价与影响因素研究——基于湘西州6个村落的调查[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(5): 755-763. |
[10] | 李巍, 赵敏, 严江平, 赵雪雁. 基于空间互动模型的兰州市乡村旅游网络中心性分析[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(7): 1059-1068. |
[11] | 李伯华, 刘沛林, 窦银娣, 王鹏. 景区边缘型乡村旅游地人居环境演变特征及影响机制研究——以大南岳旅游圈为例[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(11): 1353-1360. |
[12] | 谢莉, 杨载田. 南岳衡山景区周边古镇乡村旅游开发探索[J]. 地理科学, 2011, 31(5): 627-633. |
[13] | 吴必虎, 黄琢玮, 马小萌. 中国城市周边乡村旅游地空间结构[J]. 地理科学, 2004, 24(6): 757-763. |
|