从大众旅游到乡村旅居:乡村区域旅游发展的新趋势——基于元方法的驱动力分析与旅居地假设

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.009

地理科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 83-91.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.009

从大众旅游到乡村旅居:乡村区域旅游发展的新趋势——基于元方法的驱动力分析与旅居地假设

程豪¹^,²(), 杨钊¹^,^*()

1.安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院，安徽芜湖 241002
2.皖西学院环境与旅游学院，安徽六安237012

收稿日期:2019-11-23 修回日期:2020-02-06 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-03-04
通讯作者: 杨钊 E-mail:chengh2009@126.com;yangzhao@mail.ahnu.edu.cn
作者简介:程豪（1988-），男，安徽六安人，博士研究生，讲师，主要从事旅游移民与旅游管理研究。E-mail: chengh2009@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41271172);安徽师范大学旅游发展与规划研究中心重点项目(SK2019A0300)

From Mass Tourism to Rural Stay: A Meta-approach to Driving Force and a Hypothesis for Rural Stay Destination

Cheng Hao¹^,²(), Yang Zhao¹^,^*()

1. School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
2. Department of Environment and Tourism, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, Anhui, China

Received:2019-11-23 Revised:2020-02-06 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-03-04
Contact: Yang Zhao E-mail:chengh2009@126.com;yangzhao@mail.ahnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271172);Research Center for Tourism Development and Planning (Key Program) of Anhui Normal University(SK2019A0300)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在流动性的总体框架中思考中国新兴的乡村旅居现象，界定乡村旅居的基本内涵，借助国外相关实证研究结果中的元数据和主要观点，分析和探讨了乡村旅居的若干属性，结果表明:①乡村旅居以乡村性所提供的核心价值为本源驱动，是乡村旅游发展的阶段性产物，其与各类现代乡村旅游活动共享了相同的3维驱动力空间。②在休闲时间和可支配收入既定的情况下，考虑旅行经历和体能的调节作用，可以划分出4种旅居行为模式。除模式4强调对大众旅游需求的补偿心理之外，其他均以旅居为主，根本区分依据是驱动力属性。最后，参考国外第二居所流动模型，基于研究结果提出有关乡村旅居地发展模式的假设。

关键词: 乡村旅居, 乡村旅游, 乡村旅居地, 驱动力维度, 因子分析元分析

Abstract:

In recent years, more and more Chinese people tend to travel to and live in rural areas, which deserves much more attention. In essence, this phenomenon can be understood as a new type of tourism mobility, the idea of which is consistent with “the new mobilities paradigm” within the social sciences. Specifically, rural stay has shared similar embedded contexts with various tourism activities in the West from mid-1980s, elaborated by Lane and Kastenholz (2015), as well as the second home tourism since the 1990s, reported by Müller (2007). At the tourism and migration continuum, the phenomenon approximates more to the tourism end. Moreover, the terminology of ‘rural stay’, used by some of global rural tourism literature, is also applied in this paper, the idea of which is similar to the new phenomenon arising in rural China. Base on these considerations, this research defined the basic meaning of rural stay in China, and analyzed and discussed its certain features through meta data and main evidences from extant relevant empirical papers. Results show that: 1) Rural stay behavior is essentially driven by core values delivered by rurality, the motivations of which can be expressed into a 3-dimensional model that is consist of relaxation and escape-oriented vs. destination appeal-oriented, new experiences and learning-oriented vs. family and socialization-oriented, and for self-oriented vs. rural life-oriented. 2) Given that individual travel career and physical abilities have moderating effect, four patterns of rural stay behavior can be identified, three of which are dominated by staying in rural areas while the other is mainly for mass tourism activities with rural stay as a indispensable supplement. It is the motivation that distinguish each pattern from others. With reference to the direction of major migration flows of individuals in different age groups to second homes in Sweden 1991-2001, reported by Müller and Marjavaara (2012), a hypothesis for the development model of a rural stay destination is proposed for future efforts. More specifically, two common development models of rural stay destination were hypothesized, either of which may provide possibilities of consumption-led rural revitalization for many traditional villages or rural areas with a single economic structure and modest tourism resources.

Key words: rural stay, rural tourism, rural stay destination, dimension of driving force, meta analysis

中图分类号:

F592

程豪, 杨钊. 从大众旅游到乡村旅居:乡村区域旅游发展的新趋势——基于元方法的驱动力分析与旅居地假设[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(1): 83-91.

Cheng Hao, Yang Zhao. From Mass Tourism to Rural Stay: A Meta-approach to Driving Force and a Hypothesis for Rural Stay Destination[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(1): 83-91.

图/表 4

表1

题项重编码结果"

动机变量	动机变量	动机变量
注:括号内数值为每个变量出现的频次，经过迭代分析，频次大于8的变量被纳入最终的分析模型。
m 1. 寻求宁静/安静（17）	m 20. 为了孩子（9）	m 39. 学习新事物（21）
m 2. 追求精神性（6）	m 21. 能接受的价格/成本（7）	m 40. 学习文化/历史知识（6）
m 3. 亲近自然（19）	m 22. 乡村生活/活动（13）	m 41. 探索新的地方（8）
m 4. 气候/温度/环境/自然之声（10）	m 23. 地方食物（16）	m 42. 体验新事物（15）
m 5. 优美的风景（17）	m 24. 新的生活方式（5）	m 43. 为了身心健康/幸福（17）
m 6. 放松（22）	m 25. 体验简单的生活方式（7）	m 44. 保持良好的外观（5）
m 7. 身体休息（9）	m 26. 遇见并与当地人互动（11）	m 45. 身体锻炼/运动/活动（13）
m 8. 精神休息（10）	m 27. 与朋友在一起（16）	m 46. 户外活动/自然活动（8）
m 9. 恢复精力（13）	m 28. 遇见有共同兴趣的人（13）	m 47. 自豪感/成就（11）
m 10. 慢节奏（5）	m 29. 见识新的人群（13）	m 48. 反思自我（7）
m 11. 远离拥挤（9）	m 30. 社交机会（6）	m 49. 自信（6）
m 12. 野外体验（6）	m 31. 获得快乐/愉悦（15）	m 50. 自我提升（13）
m 13. 独立性和自由（8）	m 32. 冒险/刺激/激动（19）	m 51. 声望/受尊重（11）
m 14. 自我放纵（14）	m 33. 做有挑战性的事（9）	m 52. 与他人竞争（5）
m 15. 独处（12）	m 34. 逃离（31）	m 53. 与他人分享美好事物（13）
m 16. 目的地文化（17）	m 35. 远离工作和家庭所需（6）	m 54. 去一个著名的目的地（5）
m 17. 到访纪念馆/遗产地等（9）	m 36. 释放压力（15）	m 55. 良好的目的地属性（21）
m 18. 节日/活动（8）	m 37. 追求原真性（5）
m 19. 与家人在一起（21）	m 38. 了解自然/野生动物（5）

表1

图1

图2

图3

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从大众旅游到乡村旅居:乡村区域旅游发展的新趋势——基于元方法的驱动力分析与旅居地假设

From Mass Tourism to Rural Stay: A Meta-approach to Driving Force and a Hypothesis for Rural Stay Destination

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