辽宁省老年宜居社区人居环境评价

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.010

地理科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 92-99.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.01.010

辽宁省老年宜居社区人居环境评价

张春梅¹^,²(), 李雪铭²^,³^,^*()

1.辽宁师范大学政府管理学院，辽宁大连 116029
2.辽宁师范大学地理科学学院，辽宁大连 116029
3.辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心，辽宁大连 116029

收稿日期:2019-11-04 修回日期:2020-02-06 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-03-04
通讯作者: 李雪铭 E-mail:zhang_zcm@163.com;lixueming.999@163.com
作者简介:张春梅（1977−），女，大连普兰店人，副教授，主要从事人居环境研究。E-mail: zhang_zcm@163.com
基金资助:
辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目资助(L20BRK003)

The Evaluation Index System of Human Settlements on Livable Community for the Elderly in Liaoning Province

Zhang Chunmei¹^,²(), Li Xueming²^,³^,^*()

1. School of Government, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
2. School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
3. Center for Studies of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China

Received:2019-11-04 Revised:2020-02-06 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-03-04
Contact: Li Xueming E-mail:zhang_zcm@163.com;lixueming.999@163.com
Supported by:
Social Science Planning Foundation of Liaoning Province(L20BRK003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在国内外学者研究基础上，立足中国国情，基于老年宜居社区内涵，探索性地构建了老年宜居社区人居环境评价指标体系。基于多源数据，选择辽宁省149个城市社区进行实证研究，结果表明：① 从整体上看，参评社区老年宜居环境质量较差，绝大多数的社区尚未对已经到来的老龄化社会做好充分的准备；② 从空间分布特征来看，整体呈现“中部?南部凸起，西北?北部凹陷”的分布格局，大连市和沈阳市形成“双核”引领辽宁省老年宜居环境质量的发展。③ 分系统研究表明，设施系统的质量最差。各城市在分系统上的优劣势有所差异。④ 从公共指标与专项指标的对比来看，公共指标评价值明显高于专项指标，社区人居环境建设存在代际不公平现象。

关键词: 老龄化, 老年宜居社区, 人居环境评价, 辽宁省

Abstract:

The construction of livable community for the elderly is of great significance to adapt to the change of pension mode and improve the quality of life of the elderly. Based on domestic and foreign scholars’ research, in view of China’s realities and according to the connotation of livable community for the elderly, the article develops an indicator system of human settlements on livable community for the elderly. Based on multi-source data, 149 urban communities in Liaoning Province are selected for research, in order to reveal and evaluate the basic situation of the construction of the human settlements on livable community for the elderly, and provide ideas for the change of the population structure of the community, and provide suitable supporting environment for the home-based elderly care. The results show that: First, on the whole, the quality of livable environment for the elderly in the community is poor, 58% of the communities are below the middle level. Second, from the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics, the distribution exhibit the characteristics of ‘Central South bulge, northwest North Depression’. Dalian and Shenyang formed a ‘dual core’ and lead the development of livable environment quality for the elderly of Liaoning Province. Third, the subsystem study shows that the quality of the facility system is the worst. The participating cities present different advantage and disadvantage regarding different subsystem. Among the five sub-systems, those indicators with the lowest scoring: the number of community day care institutions, the number of community pension service centers (stations), the construction index of barrier free facilities, the number of universities for the elderly, the number of elderly associations, the number of comfortable days, air quality and the registered centenarian population. The last, from the comparison of public indicators and special indicators, the evaluation value of public indicators is significantly higher than the special indicators, and there is intergenerational inequality in the construction of community human settlements. It is imperative to strengthen the construction of livable environment for the elderly.

Key words: aging, livable community for the elderly, the evaluation index system of human settlements, Liaoning Province

中图分类号:

K903

张春梅, 李雪铭. 辽宁省老年宜居社区人居环境评价[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(1): 92-99.

Zhang Chunmei, Li Xueming. The Evaluation Index System of Human Settlements on Livable Community for the Elderly in Liaoning Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(1): 92-99.

图/表 4

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一级指标	二级指标	权重	指标属性
社会系统公共指标	社区人口流出率	0.038	负向
	社区管治强度	0.029	正向
	社区公共活动用房面积	0.015	正向
社会系统专项指标	社区发生虐待/不赡养老年人的案例数量	0.069	负向
	老年大学数量	0.077	正向
	老年协会数量	0.012	正向
	老年活动中心数量	0.038	正向
自然系统公共指标	空气质量（AQI）	0.011	负向
	社区植被覆盖率	0.025	正向
自然系统专项指标	舒适日数	0.017	正向
	地形起伏度	0.008	负向
设施系统公共指标	公交站点数量	0.039	正向
	餐饮设施数量	0.012	正向
	购物点数量	0.018	正向
	卫生服务设施数量	0.106	正向
	休闲娱乐设施数量	0.009	正向
	人均公园广场面积	0.035	正向
	公共厕所数量	0.016	正向
设施系统专项指标	社区日间照料机构数量	0.047	正向
	医疗康复机构数量	0.029	正向
	社区养老院数量	0.056	正向
	社区养老服务中心（站）数量	0.088	正向
居住系统公共指标	社区住房建成年代	0.004	负向
	居住密度	0.003	负向
	噪音环境质量	0.021	负向
居住系统专项指标	无障碍设施建设指数	0.041	正向
人类系统公共指标	非户籍人口比例	0.013	负向
	社会总抚养比	0.022	负向
	老龄化率	0.036	负向
人类系统专项指标	户籍登记百岁老年人口	0.024	正向
	纯老户户数	0.042	负向

辽宁省老年宜居社区人居环境评价

The Evaluation Index System of Human Settlements on Livable Community for the Elderly in Liaoning Province

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