中国残疾人扶贫效率的时空演变及优化路径

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用DEA模型、MI指数及GIS空间分析等方法，探究2012—2016年中国残疾人扶贫效率的时空演化特征与类型，分析残疾人扶贫模式及优化路径，结果显示：① 2012—2016年，全国残疾人扶贫效率整体处于中上等水平，残疾人扶贫高效率区由粤桂两地、环渤海区向东南沿海、京津冀地区以及中部省市转化，扶贫中等效率区分布形态由“小聚集”向“大分散”转变。② 产出变化率空间分布不均，大部分省市实现了脱贫人数较大增长，培训残疾人数变化分布明显，区域聚集性显著。项目贷款扶持贫困残疾人变化差异性大，东高西低，且中等水平数量较多；危房改造项目受益贫困残疾人变化的差异性较为平均，部分聚集性明显。③ 扶贫效率类型差异较大，青、赣、黑为潜力型，扶贫效率偏低，边际递减；闽、琼、宁、沪、蒙、滇、藏、贵、陕、豫、新为朝阳型，扶贫效率偏低，边际递增；湘、川、浙、皖、渝、鄂、甘、辽、吉、粤、京、津、冀为黄金型，扶贫效率较高，边际递增；苏、鲁、桂、晋为夕阳型，扶贫效率较高，边际递减。④ “造血式”扶贫与“输血式”扶贫对残疾人实际脱贫均有正向作用，其中“造血式”的扶贫方式与实际脱贫的密切度更高。

关键词: 残疾人, 扶贫效率, 时空演化, 扶贫模式, 优化路径

Abstract:

Using DEA model, MI index, GIS spatial analysis and other methods, this article explores the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of poverty alleviation efficiency of the disabled in China in 2012 to 2016, analyzes the forms and optimization paths of poverty alleviation for the disabled, and it shows that: 1) Between 2012 and 2016, the high-efficiency poverty alleviation zones for the disabled were transformed from Guangdong and Guangxi Province, the Bohai rim region to southeast coastal region, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as well as some areas that are in the middle of China, and the distribution pattern of the medium-efficiency poverty alleviation zones was transformed from ‘small clusters’ to ‘large dispersion’. 2) The spatial distribution of output change is uneven. Most provinces and cities have achieved a large increase in the number of people out of poverty, and the change in the distribution of the number of people with training disabilities as well as the regional clustering is significant. The number of poor disabled people supported by project loans varies greatly, high in the east and low in the west, and medium level accounts for most. The difference of the poor disabled people benefited from the renovation project of dilapidated houses is relatively average, and partial aggregation is obvious. 3) The forms and types of poverty alleviation efficiency are quite different. Qinghai, Jiangxi and Heilongjiang are potential type, with low poverty alleviation efficiency and diminishing marginal value. Fujian, Hainan, Ningxia, Shanghai, Mongolia, Yunnan, Tibet, Guizhou, Shanxi, Henan and Xinjiang belong to growing type, with low poverty alleviation efficiency and Increasing marginal value. Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Chongqing, Hubei, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, Guangdong, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other places are in the gold type, with high poverty alleviation efficiency and increasing marginal value; Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangxi and Shanxi are in the recession type, with high poverty alleviation efficiency and diminishing marginal value. 4) Both the type of ‘Self-created blood’ poverty alleviation and ‘external transfusion’ poverty alleviation have positive effects on the actual poverty alleviation and between them, the method of ‘Self-created blood’ poverty alleviation is more closely related to actual poverty alleviation.

Key words: disabled persons, poverty alleviation efficiency, spatial-temporal evolution, poverty alleviation model, optimization path

中图分类号:

F213

吴清, 冯嘉晓, 邵娜. 中国残疾人扶贫效率的时空演变及优化路径[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(3): 428-436.

Wu Qing, Feng Jiaxiao, Shao Na. Spatial-temporal Evolution and Development Path of Poverty Alleviation Efficiency for the Disabled in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(3): 428-436.

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	指标代码
残疾人扶贫效率	产出指标	本年实际脱贫人数/万人	O₁
		本年度培训残疾人数/万人	O₂
		本年度项目贷款扶持贫困残疾人/人	O₃
		本年度危房改造项受益贫困残疾人/人	O₄
	投入指标	本年扶持贫困残疾人户/户	I₁
		本年度投入资金/万元	I₂
		本年省级财政投入资金/万元	I₃
		本年度残疾人培训投入经费/万元	I₄
		本年度项目贷款实际落实额/万元	I₅
		本年度残疾人扶贫基地/个	I₆
		本年度危房改造实际完成/户	I₇
		本年度安置残疾人就业/人	I₈

变量	O₁	O₂	O₃	O₄	I₁	I₂	I₃	I₄	I₅	I₆	I₇	I₈
I₁	0.899^**	0.802^**	0.310	0.212	1
	0.000	0.000	0.016	0.039
I₂	0.441^*	0.524^**	0.192	0.748^**	0.572^**	1
	0.021	0.005	0.036	0.000	0.002
I₃	0.222	0.217	0.027	0.031	0.128	0.323	1
	0.045	0.007	0.012	0.078	0.525	0.100
I₄	0.694^**	0.902^**	0.11	0.026	0.719^**	0.657^**	0.418^*	1
	0.000	0.000	0.086	0.091	0.000	0.000	0.030
I₅	0.017	0.143	0.459^*	0.008	0.047	0.044	0.016	0.085	1
	0.050	0.006	0.016	0.069	0.816	0.826	0.935	0.673
I₆	0.421^*	0.371	0.216	0.037	0.307	0.265	0.582^**	0.521^**	0.152	1
	0.029	0.047	0.028	0.005	0.120	0.182	0.001	0.005	0.449
I₇	0.263	0.219	0.238	0.940^**	0.312	0.818^**	0.09	0.331	0.173	0.030	1
	0.045	0.042	0.032	0.000	0.114	0.000	0.654	0.092	0.389	0.880
I₈	0.423^*	0.418^*	0.277	0.035	0.35	0.162	0.279	0.519^**	0.251	0.770	0.080	1
	0.028	0.03	0.016	0.0062	0.074	0.419	0.158	0.006	0.207	0.000	0.970

扶贫方式	一级指标	二级指标	标准回归系数	t值
输血式扶贫	X₁经济投入	各省级直接拨款额/万元	–0.299	–2.006
	X₂基地建设	各省扶贫基地建设数目/个	0.166	0.349
	X₃基础设施	各省危房改造数目/户	0.232	0.503
造血式扶贫	X₄技术培训	各省参加技能培训残疾人数/万人	0.297	1.666
	X₅安置就业	各省安置残疾人入职数/人	0.460	1.255
	X₆金融支持	各省残疾人扶贫项目贷款额/万元	0.255	1.828