设计创意人才的空间集聚及其影响机理研究——基于城市舒适性视角

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.09.004

地理科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 1525-1535.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.09.004

设计创意人才的空间集聚及其影响机理研究——基于城市舒适性视角

何金廖¹^,²(), 彭珏¹^,³, 胡浩¹^,²^,^*()

1.华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心，上海 200062
2.华东师范大学城市发展研究院，上海 200062
3.华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院，上海 200041

收稿日期:2020-06-16 修回日期:2020-12-24 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-11-17
通讯作者: 胡浩 E-mail:jlhe@iud.ecnu.edu.cn;bsdhao@126.com
作者简介:何金廖（1983-），男，湖南邵阳人，研究员，博导，主要从事城市与经济地理研究。E-mail: jlhe@iud.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42171214);杭州市软科学研究重点项目(20200834M22)

Spatial Agglomeration of Design Creative Talents and Its Driving Factors: Based on the Perspective of Urban Amenities

He Jinliao¹^,²(), Peng Jue¹^,³, Hu Hao¹^,²^,^*()

1. The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2. The Institute of Urban Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
3. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200041, China

Received:2020-06-16 Revised:2020-12-24 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-11-17
Contact: Hu Hao E-mail:jlhe@iud.ecnu.edu.cn;bsdhao@126.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171214);Major Program of Hangzhou Soft Science(20200834M22)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从城市舒适性理论出发，系统梳理了创意人才及其空间集聚过程的相关文献，构建了驱动中国设计创意人才空间集聚的城市舒适性指标体系，通过大数据方法从国内设计师社交平台站酷网获取设计创意人才的属性数据，运用地理集中指数、区位熵、负二项回归方法，深入剖析了中国设计创意人才的空间集聚特征与机理。研究表明：① 中国设计创意人才及其创作在空间上呈现出显著的集聚现象，以北京为主的一线城市最为集中，但杭州、长沙、武汉、郑州这些新兴城市也表现良好，甚至超过部分一线城市；② 城市舒适性理论在解释中国设计创意人才空间集聚时具有很强的解释力，其中文化环境、教育环境和自然环境是影响设计创意人才空间集聚的核心因素；③ 证实了西方创意阶层理论的部分结论，发现文化基础设施、文化遗产、文化旅游、高素质人力资本、温暖的气候与良好的空气质量是提升城市对创意人才吸引力的重要因子，同时发现科研投入对设计创意人才集聚具有明显挤出效应，并且西方学者普遍强调的生活环境舒适性因子对设计创意人才影响有限。为深入理解创意人才的空间过程及其影响机理提供了详实的实证案例，为地方政府改善城市创意环境提供了参考依据。

关键词: 创意人才, 创意产业, 集聚机制, 城市舒适性, 设计师

Abstract:

Creative talents are the new dynamics to urban and regional economic development. However, limited attention was paid to the spatial agglomeration mechanism and driving factors of creative talents. Based on the theory of urban amenities, the paper establishes an index system of urban amenities to the spatial agglomeration of creative talents in design sectors in China. An extensive dataset with over 3 million designers registered in the online platform zcool.com was adopted as the sample for this study. It aims to examine the spatiality of China’s creative talents and its association with urban amenities for cultural production. Using the quantitative methods such as location quotient, geographic concentration index, and the negative binomial regression method, we investigate the characteristics and mechanism of the spatial concentration of Chinese creative designers. The results suggest that: First, the distribution of creative designers shows a significant spatial agglomeration. First-tier cities like Beijing are the most dominated, but emerging cities such as Hangzhou, Changsha, Wuhan, and Zhengzhou are also well-performed, even better than some first-tier cities. Second, amenity-based approach has a strong explanatory power in explaining the agglomeration of Chinese design creative talents. The cultural environment, educational environment, and natural environment are the core factors that affect the agglomeration of design creative talents. Third, this study echoes with some conclusions of the creative class theory. Cultural infrastructures, cultural heritages, cultural tourism, high-quality human capital, warm climate, and good air quality were essential to enhance the city’s attractiveness to creative talents. Simultaneously, it is found that scientific research investment has a significant crowding-out effect on the accumulation of creative talents. The amenity factors of the living environment that were emphasized by Western scholars have a limited impact on agglomeration of creative talents. In conclusion, this research adopted a more inclusive urban amenity theory, and proved that urban amenities matter in the process of concertation of creative designers. It also provides a reference for local governments to promote their brain gain policy for creative talents.

Key words: creative talent, creative industry, agglomeration, urban amenities, designers

中图分类号:

K902

何金廖, 彭珏, 胡浩. 设计创意人才的空间集聚及其影响机理研究——基于城市舒适性视角[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(9): 1525-1535.

He Jinliao, Peng Jue, Hu Hao. Spatial Agglomeration of Design Creative Talents and Its Driving Factors: Based on the Perspective of Urban Amenities[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(9): 1525-1535.

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一级指标	二级指标	描述
注：*因为北半球平均气温一月份最低，代表该地区的寒冷程度，该指标在舒适性研究中被普遍采纳^[18,28,29]。
自然环境舒适性	一月平均气温*	一月平均气温/℃
	空气质量	年PM2.5平均浓度/（μg/m³）
	日照时长	全年日照时长/h
教育环境舒适性	大学生数量	每万人常住人口中在校大学生数量/人
	受教育程度	每万人常住人口中拥有大专及以上学历的人口/人
	研发投入	单位GDP研发投入/元
创业环境舒适性	商标注册	单位GDP商标注册个数/（个/亿元）
	上市公司	国泰安数据库上市公司数量/个
	创意产业园区	创意产业园区数量/个
文化环境舒适性	文化遗产	全国重点文物保护单位数量/个
	文化基础设施	展览馆数量/个
	文化旅游	入境旅游人数占常住人口比重/%
生活环境舒适性	平均房价	城市平均房价/（元/m³）
	交通便利性	人均公共交通客运次数/次
	人均可支配收入	城镇居民人均可支配收入/元

解释变量	模型1（总人数）		模型2（区位熵）
解释变量	标准化系数	标准误	标准化系数	标准误
注：、、**分别表示在10%、5%、1%的置信水平下通过显著性检验。
一月平均气温	0.1799***	0.0603	0.0958**	0.0392
空气污染	0.2893	0.0449	-0.0511*	0.0305
日照时长	0.0353	0.0531	0.0130	0.0316
大学生数量	0.4938***	0.0814	0.3475***	0.0442
受教育程度	-0.0250	0.0440	0.0004	0.0560
研发投入	-0.1014	0.0618	-0.1512***	0.0459
商标注册	0.1078*	0.0628	0.1055**	0.0451
上市公司	0.0996	0.2004	0.0304	0.0869
创意产业园区	0.2093**	0.2081	0.0100	0.1023
文化遗产	0.1245**	0.0648	0.1090***	0.0350
文化基础设施	0.4327***	0.2068	0.2378***	0.0827
文化旅游	0.1887***	0.0795	0.1716***	0.0431
平均房价	-0.0497	0.0879	-0.0142	0.0569
交通便利性	-0.0068	0.0785	-0.0050	0.0571
人均可支配收入	0.2369***	0.0672	-0.0474	0.0429
alpha	0.2682***	0.0338	0.1764***	0.0207

设计创意人才的空间集聚及其影响机理研究——基于城市舒适性视角

Spatial Agglomeration of Design Creative Talents and Its Driving Factors: Based on the Perspective of Urban Amenities

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