基于国际比较视角的北京“四个中心”建设体检评估探索

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在梳理国内外城市规划评估体检实践与研究进展、总结北京城市体检评估机制的基础上，构建北京“四个中心”建设体检评估的框架，基于国际比较视角遴选指标定性定量分析相结合进行体检评估。体检评估结果表明：① 北京的全国政治中心服务保障能力显著提升，展现出大国首都形象；② 北京的全国文化中心地位进一步增强，但公共文化服务供给能力与世界知名城市存在差距，缺少具有国际影响力的文化品牌；③ 虽然国际交往环境及配套服务水平不断提升，但北京的国际组织规模影响力与大国首都地位不匹配，对国际游客的吸引力不强；④ 尽管北京已初步建成具有全球影响力的科技创新中心，创新对高质量发展支撑能力待增强。未来，北京应当坚持以首都发展为统领，大力加强“四个中心”功能建设、提高“四个服务”水平，提升在全球城市体系中的地位，扩大北京作为大国首都在世界的影响力。北京城市体检应重视城市定位体检、加强各参与方的交流合作、拓宽体检评价的国际视野、动态调整体检评价指标、探索高频时空数据分析技术的应用。

关键词: 城市体检评估, 大城市病, 国际比较, 北京

Abstract:

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to city health examination. Beijing has taken the lead in establishing city health examination evaluation mechanism of “one health examination every year and one evaluation every five years” in China. Beijing has completed annual city health examination in 2017, 2018 and 2019, and is carrying out the first round of five-year evaluation. The health examination of urban position is not only the focus but also the difficulty of city health examination. At present, there are rare researches on it. On the basis of reviewing the practice and research progress of health examination evaluation in urban planning at home and abroad, and summarizing the mechanism of city health examination evaluation in Beijing, this article established the framework of city health examination evaluation of the “four centers” construction in Beijing, and selected suitable indicators from the perspective of international comparison to conduct it with combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that: 1) Beijing’s service guarantee ability of national political center had been significantly improved, and the image of a big country’s capital had been displayed; 2) The status of the national cultural center had been further strengthened, but there was a gap in the supply capacity of public cultural services among Beijing and other world-famous cities, and there was lack of cultural brands with international influence; 3) The international communication environment and supporting service level had been continuously improved, however the scale and influence of international organizations did not match the capital status of a big country, and the attraction for international tourists was not strong; 4) Beijing had initially built a science and technology innovation center with global influence, but its ability to support high-quality development needed to be enhanced. In the future, Beijing should adhere to the development of the capital as the guide, vigorously strengthen the functional construction of “four centers” and improve the level of “four services”, enhance its position in the global urban system and expand Beijing’s influence in the world as the capital of a big country. It is necessary to pay attention to the city health examination of urban position, strengthen the communication and cooperation among all participants, broaden the international vision of health examination evaluation and dynamically adjust the evaluation index of health examination, explore the application of high frequency spatiotemporal data analysis technology.

Key words: city health examination evaluation, big city disease, international comparison, Beijing

中图分类号:

K901

卢明华, 朱婷, 李国平. 基于国际比较视角的北京“四个中心”建设体检评估探索[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(10): 1706-1717.

Lu Minghua, Zhu Ting, Li Guoping. Exploration on City Health Examination Evaluation of “Four Centers” Construction in Beijing From the Perspective of International Comparison[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(10): 1706-1717.

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排名	综合	人文生态建设	公共文化设施	公共文化供给	公共文化参与	文化市场	文化经济发展	文化教育	互联网发展	文化旅游	文化全球影响
1	纽约	伦敦	日内瓦	巴黎	上海	旧金山	纽约	伦敦	旧金山	罗马	伦敦
2	伦敦	芝加哥	米兰	东京	北京	日内瓦	伦敦	东京	纽约	东京	纽约
3	巴黎	罗马	旧金山	纽约	纽约	爱丁堡	东京	纽约	洛杉矶	北京	巴黎
4	东京	纽约	维也纳	北京	东京	马德里	首尔	巴黎	阿姆斯特丹	香港	东京
5	旧金山	巴黎	法兰克福	悉尼	深圳	法兰克福	洛杉矶	莫斯科	东京	莫斯科	香港
6	柏林	柏林	哥本哈根	墨尔本	香港	哥本哈根	柏林	北京	华沙	洛杉矶	多伦多
7	北京	北京	阿姆斯特丹	伦敦	伦敦	大阪	广州	洛杉矶	达拉斯	上海	北京
8	洛杉矶	墨尔本	达拉斯	多伦多	墨西哥城	达拉斯	维也纳	上海	巴黎	巴黎	莫斯科
9	上海	香港	爱丁堡	上海	巴黎	费城	慕尼黑	悉尼	上海	大阪	新加坡
10	罗马	旧金山	布鲁塞尔	首尔	首尔	芝加哥	达拉斯	新加坡	北京	柏林	柏林

指标	北京	纽约	伦敦	巴黎	东京
注：“/”为数据缺失。
世界文化遗产数/个	7	1	4	4	2
公共图书馆数/个	24	207	325	1047	387
每10万人公共图书馆数/个	0.1	2.4	3.9	8.5	2.9
书店数/个	1514	814	/	1251	1646
每10万人书店数/个	3.1	9.4	4.3	10.2	12.2
博物馆数/个	179	140	192	297	173
艺术馆数/个	59	1475	478	1142	618
剧院数/个	174	637	270	836	236
音乐厅数/个	32	15	10	16	13
每年戏剧表演场次/场	12217	43004	32032	51070	28970
每年音乐表演场次/场	2575	22204	22828	31375	16699
每年舞蹈演出场次/场	450	6292	2236	1651	2445
电影院数/个	174	98	163	312	67
电影节/场	2	57	53	190	60
酒吧数/个	1423	2113	3615	4316	29358

城市等级	2000年	2004年	2008年	2010年	2012年	2016年	2018年	2020年
注： 2000年、2004年世界城市排名中，Alpha+等级的城市仅4座，故此部分有空白。
Alpha++	伦敦	伦敦	伦敦	伦敦	伦敦	伦敦	伦敦	伦敦
Alpha++	纽约	纽约	纽约	纽约	纽约	纽约	纽约	纽约
Alpha+	香港	香港	香港	香港	香港	新加坡	香港	香港
	巴黎	巴黎	巴黎	巴黎	巴黎	香港	北京	新加坡
	东京	东京	新加坡	新加坡	新加坡	巴黎	新加坡	上海
	新加坡	新加坡	东京	东京	上海	北京	上海	北京
			悉尼	上海	东京	东京	悉尼	迪拜
			米兰	芝加哥	北京	迪拜	巴黎	巴黎
			上海	迪拜	悉尼	上海	迪拜	东京
			北京	悉尼	迪拜		东京
Alpha	芝加哥等	多伦多等	多伦多等	米兰、北京等	芝加哥等	悉尼等	台北、广州、米兰等	悉尼、洛杉矶、多伦多等
Alpha−	台北、迈阿密等	墨西哥、上海、北京等	都柏林、台北等	台北、迈阿密等	首尔、台北等	台北、广州、都柏林等	深圳、阿姆斯特丹等	首尔、广州、台北、深圳等