城市体检视角下城市治理现代化的新机制与路径

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.10.004

地理科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1718-1728.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.10.004

城市体检视角下城市治理现代化的新机制与路径

詹美旭¹^,²(), 刘倩倩³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), 黄旭³^,⁴^,⁵, 李琬⁶, 王建军¹^,²

1.广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院，广东广州 510060
2.广东省城市感知与监测预警企业重点实验室，广东广州 510060
3.南京师范大学地理科学学院，江苏南京 210023
4.江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,江苏南京 210023
5.南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室, 江苏南京 210023
6.华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院，上海 200062

收稿日期:2021-07-21 修回日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-12-08
通讯作者: 刘倩倩 E-mail:147683167@qq.com;09430@njnu.edu.cn
作者简介:詹美旭 (1983−)，男，江西九江人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事国土空间规划、城市体检、城市更新等研究。E-mail: 147683167@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42101194);广东省城市感知与监测预警企业重点实验室基金项目(2020B121202019);广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院科技基金项目(RDI2210202155);中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室开放基金;江苏省双创博士基金项目

New Mechanisms and Approaches for Modernizing Urban Governance from the Perspective of City Health Examination

Zhan Meixu¹^,²(), Liu Qianqian³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), Huang Xu³^,⁴^,⁵, Li Wan⁶, Wang Jianjun¹^,²

1. Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
2. Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
3. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
4. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
5. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
6. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2021-07-21 Revised:2021-09-15 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-12-08
Contact: Liu Qianqian E-mail:147683167@qq.com;09430@njnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101194);Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning(2020B121202019);The Science and Technology Foundation of Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute(RDI2210202155);Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences;Jiangsu Dual-Innovation Doctoral Funding

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

首先探索了城市体检治理的新模式，明确了涵盖“市?区?镇街?社区”不同尺度行政主体纵向传导、横向联动的规范化城市体检组织模式。其次，基于“指标设计?征求意见?指标筛选?指标确认”4个步骤完善城市体检指标体系，提出了数据收集的标准化、模块化工作思路。再次，城市体检的指标评价应坚持多维度、差异性、定量定性相结合等原则，以六维分析法为基础对城市问题进行识别与诊断。另外，城市体检的公众参与过程需要充分体现市民的知情权、参与权和监督权。城市政府需要搭建市民深度参与的常态化、共治型治理平台，各部门需要以问题为导向，开展协同式、全周期系统治理，最终推动建立全社会共建共治共享的常态化工作机制。

关键词: 城市体检, 多元共治, 空间治理机制, 六维分析法

Abstract:

As a new form of urban governance, city health examination is a product of the spatial and temporal evolution of social conflicts in an open and complex system. It uses the technical method of ‘problem diagnosis’ to evaluate and dynamically monitor the current state of urban development, and has become a grip for China’s urban planning and construction management and a platform for mobilizing public participation in urban construction. At present, the research and practice related to city health examination is still weak, and there are still problems such as inadequate understanding of the connotation, insufficient social participation, unstable indicator system, inaccurate problem diagnosis, lack of in-depth problem management and imperfect long-term mechanism. In response to these problems, this article examines new mechanisms and ways to achieve urban governance, starting from governance relationships, governance systems and governance techniques, and taking Guangzhou as a case study. It first explores a new model of city health examination governance, and specifies a standardized organizational model of city health examination that covers the vertical transmission and horizontal linkage of administrative bodies at 4 levels: ‘city→district→town/street→community’. Based on this organizational model, this article constructs a governance framework in which administrative forces lead, social forces participate, and urban self-governance forces are stimulated. Secondly, this article proposes a four-step process of ‘indicator design→consultation→selection of indicators→confirmation of indicators’ to improve the city health examination indicator system, and proposes a standardized and modularized approach to data collection. In particular, the evaluation of indicators in the city health examination should adhere to the principles of multidimensionality, variability and the combination of quantitative and qualitative aspects, and use the six-dimensional analysis method as the basis for identifying and diagnosing urban problems. On the premise of scientifically and reasonably classifying the types of urban problems, the city health examination can help to prescribe the right remedy for urban problems and apply precise measures. In addition, the public participation process of the city health examination needs to fully reflect the citizens’ right to information, participation and supervision. This is demonstrated by the need for the city government to build a regular, shared governance platform with in-depth citizen participation; the need for problem-oriented, collaborative, full-cycle systemic governance by various departments; and the promotion of a regular working mechanism for the whole society to build and share common governance. Overall, the city check-up thus reflects a high degree of consensus on governance goals, efficient and interactive governance, and optimal system construction and use capabilities, and is an important sign of modernized governance capacity.

Key words: city health examination, government-citizen collaboration, spatial governance mechanism, six-dimensional approach

中图分类号:

K901.2

詹美旭, 刘倩倩, 黄旭, 李琬, 王建军. 城市体检视角下城市治理现代化的新机制与路径[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(10): 1718-1728.

Zhan Meixu, Liu Qianqian, Huang Xu, Li Wan, Wang Jianjun. New Mechanisms and Approaches for Modernizing Urban Governance from the Perspective of City Health Examination[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(10): 1718-1728.

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筛选原则	原则细化	筛选说明
可操作性	可获取	指标数据有可靠的获取途径，数据获取成本可控
	可计算	指标计算方法清晰，可标准化，测算方式稳定可靠
	可分解	指标可以自上而下分解，可分解到部门或各区、镇街、社区，可细化颗粒度，与评估尺度相关
	可追溯	数据来源可追溯且有动态变化，计算方法可追溯，变化可追踪，计算结果可追溯
	可反馈	数据结果可应用，可反馈指导日常工作
合理性	问题导向	指标反映城市问题导向性清晰
	民生导向	指标能反映市民实际需求层次和设施使用问题
	可空间化	指标能够和国土空间相关联，具有较好的空间匹配性，可以实现指标的空间化表达
科学性	国际通用	国际城市有相对应指标，具有横向可比性
	规范性	与指标主管部门和最新规范标准能充分对接，可与部门考核和日常使用相结合
	可验证	有相关指标或多元大数据等进行佐证，结论经得起考验

调查类型	调查对象	主要途径	样本数量/人	主要作用
第三方满意度调查	全市社区管理员、市民	住建部指导、地方政府组织、街道社区推进，市民参与的网络调查	≥1万	参与全国样本房城市满意度调查，为住建部第三方体检提供一手数据
线下治理成效调查	市民	专业社会调查机构组织实施，在全市各区公共空间，随机采访调查	≥3000	了解城市问题治理成效，结论纳入政府部门绩效考核评价
区级体检满意度调查	常住人口、从业人员、游玩人员	地方政府组织、各部门和街道社区推进、市民广泛参与的网络调查	≥30万	全面了解地方宜居宜业宜游等方面存在的问题，提升城市体检中问题定位的精确程度
城市体检观察员调查	城市体检观察员（公开招募）	地方政府组织、专业社会调查机构推进，定向深入采访调查	≥500	反应日常生活区域存在的问题，评估与监督城市问题治理成效，结论纳入政府部门绩效考核评价

城市体检视角下城市治理现代化的新机制与路径

New Mechanisms and Approaches for Modernizing Urban Governance from the Perspective of City Health Examination

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