地理科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1729-1741.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.10.005
收稿日期:
2021-06-01
修回日期:
2021-08-15
出版日期:
2021-10-25
发布日期:
2021-12-08
作者简介:
谌丽(1985−),女,四川绵阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事城市居住环境研究。E-mail: chenlicas@foxmail.com
基金资助:
Received:
2021-06-01
Revised:
2021-08-15
Online:
2021-10-25
Published:
2021-12-08
Supported by:
摘要:
回顾满意度的概念内涵,在城市研究中的应用进展基础上,总结了北京城市体检及住建部城市体检工作中满意度调查的实施方案和主要分析结论,梳理了社会满意度调查的特征。研究表明,主观满意度数据相比客观数据更为鲜活,能够准确反映不同群体对城市发展的价值判断与意愿,体现居民的关注点,在分析中与人群属性链接可以深挖不同人群的主要诉求,并且根据体检评估对象情况,灵活设置指标和确定优劣等级,易于发现水平差异和问题短板。未来城市体检中应建立常态化城市体检社会满意度调查工作机制,注重与客观数据、市民热线数据等多源数据的融合,主客观相互印证来指导城市规划及管理,从而提升城市建设精细化水平。
中图分类号:
谌丽, 蒋雅卓. 社会满意度调查在城市体检与评估中的应用[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(10): 1729-1741.
Chen Li, Jiang Yazhuo. Application of Social Satisfaction Survey in City Health Examination Evaluation[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(10): 1729-1741.
Table 1
Index system of social satisfaction in urban health examination in 2020
一级指标 | 二级指标 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 | |
生态宜居 | 城市公园绿地 | 生活舒适 | 城市体育场地 | |
城市亲水空间 | 城市综合医院 | |||
城市公共开敞空间 | 城市大型购物中心等设施 | |||
城市建筑密度 | 社区超市、便利店等设施 | |||
空气污染 | 社区养老设施 | |||
水体污染 | 社区普惠性幼儿园 | |||
噪声污染 | 社区卫生服务中心 | |||
特色风貌 | 城市山水风貌保护 | 社区道路、健身器材等设施维护 | ||
历史街区保护 | 老旧小区改造水平 | |||
历史建筑与传统民居的修复和利用 | 社区邻里关系 | |||
城市标志性建筑 | 交通便捷 | 步行环境 | ||
城市景观美感 | 骑行环境 | |||
城市文化特色营造 | 公共交通出行 | |||
安全韧性 | 社会治安 | 道路通畅性 | ||
道路交通安全 | 小汽车停车 | |||
紧急避难场所 | 上下班(学)路上花费时间 | |||
消防安全 | 创新活力 | 城市工作机会 | ||
传统商贸批发市场秩序 | 是否适合开公司、做生意 | |||
多元包容 | 所在城市房价的可接受程度 | 开公司、办企业、做买卖的政策环境 | ||
所在城市房租的可接受程度 | 人才引进政策 | |||
城市对外来人口的友好性 | 整洁有序 | 小区垃圾分类水平 | ||
城市对国际人士的友好性 | 小区物业管理 | |||
城市对弱势群体的关爱性 | 道路等市容环境 | |||
城市最低生活保障水平 | 公共厕所卫生状况 | |||
城市社会保险保障水平 | ||||
城市无障碍设施 |
Table 2
Average ranking of social satisfaction indicators in 2020 city health examination and their standard deviation
指标 | 平均排名 | 排名标准差 | 指标 | 平均排名 | 排名标准差 | |
小汽车停车 | 49.6 | 0.5 | 空气污染 | 26.1 | 18.0 | |
所在城市房价的可接受程度 | 49.3 | 0.6 | 道路等市容环境 | 25.2 | 3.7 | |
所在城市房租的可接受程度 | 47.0 | 1.5 | 社区卫生服务中心 | 23.3 | 4.0 | |
小区物业管理 | 45.8 | 2.0 | 道路交通安全 | 23.1 | 5.6 | |
道路通畅性 | 44.9 | 4.8 | 紧急避难场所 | 22.4 | 3.6 | |
老旧小区改造水平 | 42.6 | 2.9 | 消防安全 | 19.9 | 4.2 | |
上下班(学)花费时间 | 42.3 | 4.9 | 步行环境 | 19.5 | 5.8 | |
社区养老设施 | 41.6 | 2.4 | 水体污染 | 17.3 | 9.8 | |
小区垃圾分类水平 | 41.4 | 6.1 | 社区邻里关系 | 17.3 | 5.7 | |
城市工作机会 | 37.9 | 4.1 | 公共交通出行 | 16.4 | 5.4 | |
城市体育场地 | 37.2 | 4.9 | 历史建筑与传统民居修复利用 | 15.5 | 3.9 | |
社区道路、健身器材等设施维护 | 35.6 | 4.1 | 城市大型购物设施 | 13.8 | 4.9 | |
城市无障碍设施 | 35.1 | 2.9 | 城市文化特色营造 | 13.5 | 3.6 | |
社区普惠性幼儿园 | 35.0 | 5.8 | 社区超市、便利店等设施 | 13.4 | 5.3 | |
城市综合医院 | 33.6 | 4.0 | 城市标志性建筑 | 11.3 | 5.1 | |
城市最低生活保障水平 | 33.6 | 5.7 | 城市对弱势群体的友好性 | 11.1 | 5.6 | |
骑行环境 | 33.2 | 9.2 | 历史街区保护 | 10.9 | 4.2 | |
传统商贸批发市场秩序 | 31.6 | 5.4 | 城市公共开敞空间 | 9.1 | 4.1 | |
城市建筑密度 | 31.5 | 5.6 | 城市亲水空间 | 8.5 | 4.8 | |
是否适合开公司、做生意 | 30.9 | 9.2 | 社会治安 | 7.8 | 4.1 | |
开公司、办企业、做买卖的政策环境 | 30.8 | 5.5 | 城市景观美感 | 7.5 | 2.9 | |
城市社会保险保障水平 | 30.2 | 3.7 | 城市对外来人口的友好性 | 7.3 | 5.3 | |
噪声污染 | 28.0 | 11.3 | 城市山水风貌保护 | 7.1 | 4.3 | |
公共厕所卫生状况 | 27.6 | 7.8 | 城市对国际人士的友好性 | 2.8 | 2.6 | |
人才引进政策 | 26.6 | 7.1 | 城市公园绿地 | 2.1 | 3.0 |
Table 3
The satisfaction score of sample cities in different regions
区域 | 生态宜居 | 特色风貌 | 交通便捷 | 生活舒适 | 多元包容 | 安全韧性 | 创新活力 | 整洁有序 | 总体满意度 |
东北 | 76.78 | 77.95 | 72.67 | 76.56 | 76.94 | 77.67 | 75.26 | 75.67 | 76.19 |
华北 | 77.76 | 78.86 | 74.05 | 77.58 | 77.69 | 78.39 | 76.45 | 76.99 | 77.22 |
华东 | 85.93 | 85.97 | 81.56 | 84.35 | 84.39 | 84.99 | 84.26 | 84.02 | 84.43 |
华南 | 81.43 | 80.27 | 74.66 | 78.85 | 79.14 | 79.42 | 78.51 | 77.91 | 78.77 |
华中 | 81.75 | 82.63 | 78.88 | 81.17 | 81.35 | 81.67 | 81.24 | 80.73 | 81.18 |
西北 | 78.35 | 79.50 | 74.74 | 77.09 | 77.75 | 79.23 | 76.36 | 77.49 | 77.57 |
西南 | 82.82 | 82.20 | 77.92 | 80.69 | 80.79 | 80.91 | 80.57 | 80.02 | 80.74 |
36市平均值 | 81.57 | 81.93 | 77.34 | 80.32 | 80.53 | 81.15 | 79.88 | 79.88 | 80.33 |
Table 4
Satisfaction score on second level indexes across areas of different built-up years
指标 | 1990年 以前 | 1990—2010 年 | 2010年 以后 | 指标 | 1990年 以前 | 1990—2010 年 | 2010年 以后 | |
城市公园绿地 | 83.76 | 84.90 | 84.64 | 社区超市、便利店等设施 | 81.51 | 81.95 | 80.70 | |
城市亲水空间 | 81.31 | 82.37 | 81.72 | 社区道路、健身器材等设施维护 | 76.62 | 77.86 | 76.35 | |
城市公共开敞空间 | 81.41 | 82.43 | 81.97 | 老旧小区改造水平 | 74.60 | 76.59 | 75.92 | |
城市建筑密度 | 76.93 | 78.37 | 77.93 | 社区邻里关系 | 79.97 | 80.92 | 80.16 | |
空气污染 | 77.35 | 78.37 | 79.10 | 所在城市房价可接受程度 | 68.79 | 70.04 | 69.00 | |
水体污染 | 79.32 | 80.48 | 79.67 | 所在城市房租可接受程度 | 72.99 | 74.24 | 73.10 | |
噪声污染 | 77.09 | 78.15 | 77.58 | 城市对外来人口友好性 | 82.32 | 82.89 | 81.93 | |
城市山水风貌保护 | 81.72 | 82.70 | 82.39 | 城市对国际人士友好性 | 84.43 | 85.03 | 84.39 | |
历史街区保护 | 81.73 | 82.29 | 81.96 | 城市对弱势群体友好性 | 81.16 | 81.93 | 80.78 | |
历史建筑与传统民居修复利用 | 80.94 | 81.66 | 81.37 | 城市最低生活保障水平 | 77.45 | 78.38 | 77.30 | |
城市标志性建筑 | 81.61 | 82.39 | 81.66 | 城市社会保险保障水平 | 77.71 | 78.91 | 77.90 | |
城市景观美感 | 81.67 | 82.63 | 82.17 | 城市无障碍设施 | 77.03 | 78.20 | 77.27 | |
城市文化特色营造 | 80.68 | 81.60 | 81.07 | 社会治安 | 81.95 | 82.75 | 81.84 | |
步行环境 | 79.23 | 80.31 | 79.61 | 道路交通安全 | 79.11 | 79.91 | 78.89 | |
骑行环境 | 76.33 | 78.00 | 77.27 | 紧急避难场所 | 79.64 | 80.52 | 79.61 | |
公共交通出行 | 80.75 | 81.12 | 79.81 | 传统商贸批发市场秩序 | 77.85 | 78.71 | 77.47 | |
道路通畅性 | 73.09 | 74.18 | 73.13 | 消防安全 | 79.81 | 80.55 | 79.78 | |
上下班(学)花费时间 | 74.87 | 75.81 | 74.92 | 城市工作机会 | 76.60 | 77.81 | 76.84 | |
小汽车停车 | 66.74 | 68.28 | 66.96 | 是否适合开公司、做生意 | 78.27 | 79.43 | 78.82 | |
城市综合医院 | 77.43 | 78.13 | 77.01 | 开公司、办企业、做买卖的政策环境 | 78.35 | 79.51 | 78.65 | |
城市体育场地 | 76.65 | 77.73 | 76.98 | 人才引进政策 | 79.16 | 80.28 | 79.53 | |
城市大型购物设施 | 81.56 | 81.75 | 80.88 | 小区垃圾分类水平 | 75.37 | 76.29 | 74.78 | |
社区普惠性幼儿园 | 77.57 | 78.32 | 77.11 | 小区物业管理 | 73.36 | 74.70 | 72.74 | |
社区养老设施 | 76.06 | 77.15 | 76.16 | 道路等市容环境 | 78.24 | 79.43 | 78.50 | |
社区卫生服务中心 | 78.93 | 79.71 | 78.37 | 公共厕所卫生状况 | 78.54 | 79.24 | 78.51 |
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