地理科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 2042-2051.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.11.017
李向洁1(), 李志文1,2,*(
), 杜建会3, 张慧娟1, 詹江振1, 杜兰1, 孙丽1,2, 侯楚1
收稿日期:
2021-03-13
修回日期:
2021-07-20
出版日期:
2021-11-10
发布日期:
2022-01-24
通讯作者:
李志文
E-mail:1446543596@qq.com;lizw1982@163.com
作者简介:
李向洁(1997-),女,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,主要从事风沙地貌研究。E-mail: 1446543596@qq.com
基金资助:
Li Xiangjie1(), Li Zhiwen1,2,*(
), Du Jianhui3, Zhang Huijuan1, Zhan Jiangzhen1, Du Lan1, Sun Li1,2, Hou Chu1
Received:
2021-03-13
Revised:
2021-07-20
Online:
2021-11-10
Published:
2022-01-24
Contact:
Li Zhiwen
E-mail:1446543596@qq.com;lizw1982@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
为探究亚热带湿润地区河湖周边发育的灌丛沙堆形态与沉积特征,以南昌市厚田沙地为研究区,对其优势种蔓荆(Vitex trifolia)所形成的灌丛沙堆开展野外调查,通过对不同部位的沉积物进行采样与分析,研究沙堆形态、沉积特征及其与植被特性之间的关系。结果表明:蔓荆灌丛沙堆形态大多为盾形,水平尺度大,高度矮,坡度缓。沙堆沉积物以中沙为主,分选性较差,呈正偏和窄峰态分布,沙源来自附近平沙地和丘间地,为近源沉积。平均粒径从迎风坡底部至背风坡底部呈现为先变细后变粗的趋势,体现了灌丛沙堆的防风滞沙功能和对沙粒的重新分选作用。灌丛与沙堆的各形态参数(灌丛高度除外)均存在高度的正相关性(P<0.01),说明各形态参数在沙堆发育过程中得以协调发展。受植被类型和区域环境的影响,与干旱-半干旱地区直立生长且分支少的灌丛形成的椭球形或圆锥形沙堆形态不同,蔓荆匍匐生长且高度较矮的形态常形成低矮且范围较大的灌丛沙堆。亚热带湿润地区风力资源不丰富及厚田沙地沙源不足使沉积物主要来源于附近平沙地与丘间地,但不同坡位沉积规律与干旱-半干旱地区相同。
中图分类号:
李向洁, 李志文, 杜建会, 张慧娟, 詹江振, 杜兰, 孙丽, 侯楚. 南昌市厚田沙地蔓荆灌丛沙堆的形态与沉积特征[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(11): 2042-2051.
Li Xiangjie, Li Zhiwen, Du Jianhui, Zhang Huijuan, Zhan Jiangzhen, Du Lan, Sun Li, Hou Chu. Morphology and Sedimentary Characteristics of Vitex Trifolia Nebkhas in the Houtian Sandy Land of Nanchang City[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(11): 2042-2051.
表1
沙堆相关形态参数统计
形态参数 | Ld/m | Wd/m | Hd/m | Ly/m | Lb/m | Sd/m2 | Vd/m3 | HC/m | α/(°) | β/(°) |
注:Sd 为沙堆底面积,Vd为沙堆体积,HC为沙堆水平尺度,其他 | ||||||||||
最大值 | 16.50 | 15.30 | 2.40 | 10.00 | 7.80 | 110.20 | 60.59 | 14.85 | 26.50 | 35.50 |
最小值 | 2.00 | 1.80 | 0.25 | 0.80 | 1.20 | 1.80 | 0.18 | 1.90 | 4.00 | 5.50 |
平均值 | 8.46 | 7.25 | 1.01 | 4.77 | 3.68 | 35.77 | 15.32 | 7.85 | 10.10 | 15.36 |
标准偏差 | 3.47 | 3.40 | 0.51 | 2.20 | 1.55 | 28.69 | 17.07 | 3.35 | 5.60 | 6.47 |
表3
厚田沙地蔓荆灌丛沙堆特征与其他研究对比
研究区域 | 研究生境 | 植物种类 | 沙堆高度范围/m | 高度均值/m | 沙堆形状 |
厚田沙地 | 风沙化土地 | 蔓荆 | 0.25~2.40 | 1.01 | 盾形 |
乌兰布和沙漠东南缘[ | 荒漠 | 白沙蒿 | 0.04~0.13 | 0.09 | 低矮圆锥状 |
策勒河下游砾质戈壁[ | 砾质戈壁滩 | 沙拐枣 | 0.04~0.33 | 0.11 | 盾形 |
毛乌素沙漠[ | 农牧交错区 | 油蒿 | 0.10~0.55 | 0.33 | 盾形、半椭球形 |
雷州半岛东侧海岛[ | 海滩 | 老鼠艻 | 0.12~1.17 | 0.44 | 锥形、蝌蚪形 |
毛乌素沙漠[ | 荒漠 | 藏锦鸡儿 | 0.18~0.95 | 0.46 | 半椭球体 |
黑河中游乌海北部[ | 荒漠草地 | 白刺 | 0.20~2.80 | 1.02 | 球冠状沙包 |
塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘[ | 绿洲-沙漠过渡带 | 柽柳 | 0.26~3.21 | 1.46 | 凸起的半椭球状 |
内蒙古阴山北麓[ | 农牧交错区 | 小叶锦鸡儿 | 0.04~0.80 | 0.55 | 椭圆球冠体 |
表4
厚田沙地灌丛与沙堆形态参数相关性分析
Ld | Wd | Hd | Lg | Wg | Hg | Sg | Ly | Lb | Sd | Vd | |
注:** 在0.01级别(双尾),相关性显著;* 在0.05级别(双尾),相关性显著;Sg 为植被覆盖面积, | |||||||||||
Wd | 0.903** | ||||||||||
Hd | 0.778** | 0.711** | |||||||||
Lg | 0.801** | 0.833** | 0.616** | ||||||||
Wg | 0.754** | 0.912** | 0.519** | 0.762** | |||||||
Hg | 0.203 | 0.336 | 0.210 | 0.289 | 0.417* | ||||||
Sg | 0.737** | 0.896** | 0.493* | 0.840** | 0.957** | 0.351 | |||||
Ly | 0.942** | 0.896** | 0.808** | 0.747** | 0.699** | 0.168 | 0.704** | ||||
Lb | 0.806** | 0.678** | 0.455* | 0.653** | 0.660** | 0.398* | 0.582** | 0.615** | |||
Sd | 0.938** | 0.956** | 0.696** | 0.792** | 0.866** | 0.237 | 0.881** | 0.916** | 0.694** | ||
Vd | 0.864** | 0.847** | 0.868** | 0.683** | 0.686** | 0.138 | 0.716** | 0.909** | 0.485* | 0.903** | |
HC | 0.976** | 0.975** | 0.763** | 0.838** | 0.853** | 0.276 | 0.836** | 0.943** | 0.761** | 0.971** | 0.877** |
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