浙江造船业嵌入全球研发网络的特征与路径

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.06.003

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 975-983.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.06.003

浙江造船业嵌入全球研发网络的特征与路径

马仁锋¹(), 候勃¹^,², 朱保羽¹, 张文忠³, 李倩⁴, 王玺⁵

1.宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系暨陆海国土空间利用与治理协同创新中心，浙江宁波 315211
2.浙江大学土地管理系，浙江杭州 310058
3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101
4.中国国际工程咨询有限公司，北京 100048
5.云南省投资控股集团有限公司，云南昆明 650118

收稿日期:2021-05-06 修回日期:2021-09-06 接受日期:2022-06-06 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-08-23
作者简介:马仁锋（1979−），男，湖北枣阳人，博士，教授，博导，主要研究方向为经济与文化地理学及陆海国土空间规划。E-mail: marfxf@126.com
基金资助:
浙江省基础公益研究项目（LGF22D010002，LY17D010002）、国家自然科学基金项目（41771174）资助

The Spatial Correlation and Its Paths of Shipbuilding Industry’s R&D Embedded in Global R&D Networks in Zhejiang Province

Ma Renfeng¹(), Hou Bo¹^,², Zhu Baoyu¹, Zhang Wenzhong³, Li Qian⁴, Wang Xi⁵

1. Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Research Centre for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
2. Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
3. Key Laboratory of Region Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
4. China International Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing100048, China
5. Yunnan Provincial Investment Holdings Group, Kunming 650118, Yuannan, China

Received:2021-05-06 Revised:2021-09-06 Accepted:2022-06-06 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-08-23
Supported by:
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LGF22D010002, LY17D010002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41771174)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以中国造船业发达地区浙江省为例，基于专利数据和订单数据运用UCINET6.0和R语言软件刻画全球研发网络对浙江造船业影响以及浙江在其中的地位和作用，甄别国际研发分工下浙江造船业嵌入特征与路径。研究发现：① 浙江造船研发主要集中于船舶及其推进或操舵装置两大类，研发网络节点集中在浙江舟山，主要合作地区为杭州、上海、北京、台州、温州和宁波，合作对象以省内城市为主；② 造船订单数据网络可视化显示浙江造船业技术合作2015年国内合作伙伴主要是辽宁、福建和台湾，2018年增加了上海、广西、海南和天津，国内合作范围与频次快速增长；与国际技术合作由2015年主要与意大利、丹麦等欧洲国家合作转向2018年主要与日本、韩国、新加坡等亚洲国家合作；③ 浙江在长三角造船技术合作的节点地位并不明显，合作产品集中在生产和研发低附加值的集装箱船、散货船，主要嵌入方式是签订技术合作协议、单纯供销、承接维修或改装升级订单等方式。

关键词: 造船业, 研发网络, 嵌入, 路径依赖与创造, 全球化

Abstract:

The analysis of the characteristics and location of regional high-tech manufacturing industry embedded in global R&D network is one of the frontiers and hot fields of economic geography research. Zhejiang Province, a region with developed shipbuilding industry in China, was taken as an example. Based on patent data and order data, UCINET6.0 and R programming language software were used to describe the geographical characteristics and spatial correlation of shipbuilding network in Zhejiang province, and to identify the technology network embedment of shipbuilding industry in global latecomer regions under the international R&D division. The results show that: 1) the research and development of shipbuilding in Zhejiang mainly focuses on B63B and B63H, and the shipbuilding technology network node mainly concentrates in Zhoushan. The main cooperation areas of shipbuilding research and development are Hangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Taizhou, Wenzhou and Ningbo, which are mainly the cities in Zhejiang province. 2) The analysis of order data shows that the status change of Zhejiang shipbuilding technology cooperation in the inter-provincial and international shipbuilding technology network. In 2015, domestic technical partners of Zhejiang were mainly Liaoning, Fujian and Taiwan. In 2018, Shanghai, Guangxi, Hainan and Tianjin were added, and the scope of domestic cooperation expanded and the frequency of cooperation increased. As for the international technical cooperation, the main cooperation partners changed from Italy, Denmark and other European countries in 2015 to Japan, South Korea and Singapore in 2018. 3) Zhejiang shows that there are no obvious advantages in the node of shipbuilding technology cooperation network in the Yangtze River Delta, whose cooperation products focus on the production and research of container ships and bulk carriers with low added value, mainly through the signing of technical cooperation agreements, simple supply and marketing, and the undertaking of maintenance or modification and upgrade orders. Furthermore, multi-scale spatial relation and geographical distance feature of path dependence of shipbuilding industry research and development was clarified in the process of global localization. And it’s suggested the shipbuilding industry in China should integrate national system diversity, market diversity and its own research and development cluster level of shipbuilding, breakthrough shipbuilding research and development value chain space lock from the near to the distant, form a cross-domain and multi-agent collaborative innovation roadmap.

Key words: shipbuilding industry, research and development network, embeddedness, path dependence & creation, globalization

中图分类号:

K902/F204/U692.5

马仁锋, 候勃, 朱保羽, 张文忠, 李倩, 王玺. 浙江造船业嵌入全球研发网络的特征与路径[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(6): 975-983.

Ma Renfeng, Hou Bo, Zhu Baoyu, Zhang Wenzhong, Li Qian, Wang Xi. The Spatial Correlation and Its Paths of Shipbuilding Industry’s R&D Embedded in Global R&D Networks in Zhejiang Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(6): 975-983.

图/表 6

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图2

图3

Table 1

Table 2

图4

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2015年					2018年
地方	相对中心度	中间中心度	接近中心度	结构洞等级度	地方	相对中心度	中间中心度	接近中心度	结构洞等级度
江苏	76.00	519.10	39.17	29.00	江苏	80.00	382.97	67.14	25.00
上海	34.00	77.66	35.34	13.00	上海	41.00	188.20	61.04	18.00
浙江	19.00	114.25	36.43	13.00	浙江	20.00	139.78	54.65	14.00
广东	37.00	162.08	36.72	17.00	广东	38.00	337.48	62.67	23.00
山东	20.00	147.56	33.33	13.00	山东	16.00	81.46	51.09	12.00
辽宁	18.00	106.53	31.13	10.00	辽宁	14.00	118.23	56.63	14.00
湖北	18.00	144.93	32.64	10.00	湖北	16.00	42.29	52.22	12.00
香港	17.00	33.52	34.82	8.00	香港	5.00	0.00	42.73	4.00
北京	14.00	36.19	33.57	6.00	北京	1.00	0.00	32.19	1.00
天津	5.00	0.00	28.14	2.00	天津	8.00	49.65	47.00	6.00
福建	5.00	0.17	28.14	3.00	福建	6.00	9.69	43.12	6.00
河北	5.00	1.41	29.19	1.00	河北	2.00	0.00	42.73	2.00
江西	4.00	0.00	24.48	1.00	江西	1.00	0.00	38.84	1.00
重庆	3.00	0.92	28.66	3.00	台湾	5.00	0.75	45.19	3.00
湖南	3.00	89.00	25.41	3.00	海南	8.00	8.30	46.08	5.00
台湾	2.00	0.00	28.14	2.00	广西	5.00	3.34	42.34	4.00
海南	1.00	0.00	27.17	1.00	安徽	11.00	19.85	51.09	8.00
吉林	1.00	0.00	20.44	1.00

城市	相对中心度	中间中心度	接近中心度	结构洞等级度
舟山	45	472.83	80.95	26
宁波	16	126.17	57.63	11
杭州	3	0	35.79	3
温州	1	0	32.38	1
嘉兴	1	0	32.08	1

浙江造船业嵌入全球研发网络的特征与路径

The Spatial Correlation and Its Paths of Shipbuilding Industry’s R&D Embedded in Global R&D Networks in Zhejiang Province

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