基于SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型的巴音河中游泽令沟盆地地表水−地下水转换关系研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.06.018

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 1124-1132.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.06.018

基于SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型的巴音河中游泽令沟盆地地表水−地下水转换关系研究

傅笛¹^,²(), 金鑫¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 金彦香¹^,²^,³, 毛旭锋¹^,²^,³, 翟婧雅¹^,²

1.青海师范大学地理科学学院，青海西宁 810016
2.青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室，青海西宁 810016
3.高原科学与可持续发展研究院，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2021-05-06 修回日期:2021-08-21 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-08-23
通讯作者: 金鑫 E-mail:fud2020@163.com;jinx13@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:傅笛（1997−），女，重庆荣昌人，硕士研究生，主要从事水文过程方面的研究。E-mail: fud2020@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目 (41801094)、青海省科技厅自然科学基金项目 (2021-ZJ-705)资助

Modelling of the Surface-ground Water Exchange Yield in Zelinggou Basin, Middle Reaches of the Bayin River Based on SWAT-MODFLOW Coupled Model

Fu Di¹^,²(), Jin Xin¹^,²^,³^,^*(), Jin Yanxiang¹^,²^,³, Mao Xufeng¹^,²^,³, Zhai Jingya¹^,²

1. School of the Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
2. Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
3. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China

Received:2021-05-06 Revised:2021-08-21 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-08-23
Contact: Jin Xin E-mail:fud2020@163.com;jinx13@lzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41801094), Natural Science Foundation Project of Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Department (2021-ZJ-705)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为准确刻画资料缺乏、地表水–地下水转换频繁的泽令沟盆地地表水?地下水不同时空尺度上的转换关系，利用河道径流数据、遥感蒸散发数据、地下水位观测数据等对SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型进行率定和验证，在此基础上对泽令沟盆地水循环过程进行模拟分析。结果显示：① SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型模拟效果较好，率定期和验证期月径流量的R²≥0.73，NSE≥0.67，PBIAS在?20%~20%。其各子流域实际蒸散发的R²均大于0.91，NSE均大于0.85，PBIAS在?10%~10%。此外，模拟地下水位与实测值误差在0.6 m以内，R²为0.94。② 地表水补给地下水的河道占整个河道长度90.31%，年平均补给量占年总交换水量的50.20%；季节尺度上，补给的最大值出现在7月，为331043.31 m³/d，最小值出现在12月份，为41208.33 m³/d。地下水对地表水的补给量较为稳定，季节性变幅在?2.5%~2.5%，年际变幅处于?6.5%~0.6%之间。

关键词: SWAT-MODFLOW模型, 地表水?地下水转换关系, 巴音河, 泽令沟盆地

Abstract:

To reveal the surface-ground water exchange yield in different temporal and spatial scale in Zelinggou Basin, middle reaches of the Bayin River in Qaidam Basin. The SWAT-MODFLOW coupled model was used to simulate the water cycle of the Zelinggou Basin, the monthly stream flow, remotely sensed evapotranspiration data, ground water level data were used to calibrate and validate the model. The results showed that: 1) For the monthly streamflow simulating during calibration and validation period, R² of the SWAT-MODFLOW coupled model are 0.74 and 0.73, NSE are 0.67 and 0.7, and PBIAS are between ?20% and 20%. While for the actual Evapotranspiration in each sub-basin, all R² and NSE are greater than 0.91 and 0.85, and PBIAS are between ?20% and 20%. The bias values are within 0.6 m and R² value is 0.94 between the simulated groundwater level and the measured. 2) The river where surface water to groundwater accounts for 90.31% of the whole length of the river, and the average annual replenishment amount accounts for 50.20% of the total annual exchanged water. Seasonally, the maximum value of recharge is 331043.31 m³/d in July, while the minimum value is 41208.33 m³/d in December. The groundwater discharged yield is relatively stable, it seasonal variation is between ?2.5% and 2.5%, and the annual variation is between ?6.5% and 0.6%. This research can further support the hydrological processes modelling and water resource allocation in data scarce area.

Key words: SWAT-MODFLOW coupled model, exchange of the surface and ground water, the Bayin River, Zelinggou Basin

中图分类号:

傅笛, 金鑫, 金彦香, 毛旭锋, 翟婧雅. 基于SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型的巴音河中游泽令沟盆地地表水−地下水转换关系研究[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(6): 1124-1132.

Fu Di, Jin Xin, Jin Yanxiang, Mao Xufeng, Zhai Jingya. Modelling of the Surface-ground Water Exchange Yield in Zelinggou Basin, Middle Reaches of the Bayin River Based on SWAT-MODFLOW Coupled Model[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(6): 1124-1132.

图/表 11

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Table 1

Table 2

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图6

Table 3

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参数名	参数含义	t-Stat	P-value
GW_DELAY	地下水的时间延迟	1.16	0.24
ESCO	土壤蒸发补偿因子	1.20	0.23
EPCO	植物吸收补偿因子	1.46	0.14
SMFMN	12月21日的融雪因子	−1.49	0.14
CH_K2	主河道冲积物的有效渗透系数	1.63	0.10
REVAPMN	发生revap或渗入深层含水层所需^{的浅层含水层的水位阈值>}	1.74	0.08
CH_N2	主河道的曼宁系数	−2.00	0.05
SMTMP	融雪基温	−2.04	0.04
HRU_SLP	平均比降	−2.24	0.03
SOL_BD	土壤的湿容重	−3.75	0.00
SOL_K	饱和渗透系数	−4.60	0.00
SLSUBBSN	平均坡长	5.65	0.00
ALPHA_BF	基流因子	−8.33	0.00
CANMX	最大冠层截留量	9.49	0.00
CN2	水分条件Ⅱ时的初始 SCS径流曲线数	−23.44	0.00

子流域ID	R²	NSE	PBIAS /%
注：① NSE为纳什效率系数，用于评价拟合优度，范围为[−∞，1]，0~1则越趋近于1，代表一致性越高。② PBIAS为误差系数，用于评价模拟值高于或者低于实测值的平均趋势，越趋于0，模拟效果越好。−10%~10%则代表模拟效果非常好，−20%~20%则代表模拟效果满意。
1	0.92	0.87	8.3
2	0.91	0.85	2.3
3	0.91	0.86	−9.4
4	0.93	0.92	5.8
5	0.93	0.85	−7.2
6	0.93	0.91	3.0
7	0.93	0.87	−6.1

基于SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型的巴音河中游泽令沟盆地地表水−地下水转换关系研究

Modelling of the Surface-ground Water Exchange Yield in Zelinggou Basin, Middle Reaches of the Bayin River Based on SWAT-MODFLOW Coupled Model

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模拟期	评价因子	值
注：NSE为纳什效率系数，PBIAS为误差系数。
率定期	R²	0.74
	NSE	0.67
	PBIAS	17.22%
验证期	R²	0.73
	NSE	0.70
	PBIAS	12.68%

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