长江经济带景观格局动态演变及其景观生态环境效应

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.10.003

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1706-1716.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.10.003

长江经济带景观格局动态演变及其景观生态环境效应

马小雪¹(), 吴昊², 秦伯强³, 王腊春⁴()

1.江苏第二师范学院地理科学学院，江苏南京 210013
2.南京财经大学绿色经济发展研究院，江苏南京 210023
3.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，江苏南京 210008
4.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，江苏南京 210093

收稿日期:2021-10-20 修回日期:2022-01-19 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-12-06
通讯作者: 王腊春 E-mail:maxiaoxue029@126.com;wang6312@263.net.cn
作者简介:马小雪（1986−），女，山东潍坊人，副教授，研究方向为生态水文学、水环境。E-mail: maxiaoxue029@126.com
基金资助:
江苏第二师范学院引进高层次人才科研启动经费(921001);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A 类）项目(XDA230402)

Spatiotemporal Change of Landscape Pattern and Its Eco-environmental Response in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Ma Xiaoxue¹(), Wu Hao², Qin Boqiang³, Wang Lachun⁴()

1. College of Geosciences, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, Jiangsu, China
2. Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
3. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
4. School of Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-10-20 Revised:2022-01-19 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-12-06
Contact: Wang Lachun E-mail:maxiaoxue029@126.com;wang6312@263.net.cn
Supported by:
Research Foundation for Advanced Talents of Jiangsu Second Normal University)(921001);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDA230402)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2000年、2010年、2020年3期土地利用遥感监测数据，通过景观格局指数、区域生态环境质量指数定量探究长江经济带土地景观格局的时空变化特征及其生态环境响应。研究表明：① 长江经济带上、中、下游区域的林地、草地等生态用地与人造地表的分布存在空间错位，生态用地主要转为耕地和人造地表；② 景观层级上，斑块的聚合度降低、破碎化程度加剧、多样性程度有所增加，类型层级上，耕地的破碎化程度增加，人造地表在空间上的连接度加强，趋于规模发展；③ 2000—2020年，经济带生态环境质量改善和恶化并存的特征弱化了整体生态质量的时间变异性，生态环境质量指数的低值区与长江经济带三大城市群的分布存在空间布局相似性；④区域土地资源供给与发展水平的空间错位、土地利用主导功能转型下的生态变化、人口虹吸效应、产业结构等影响长江经济带生态环境的空间分布。

关键词: 长江经济带, 景观格局, 景观指数, 生态环境响应

Abstract:

Based on the Landsat TM remote sensing images of 2000, 2010, and 2020, landscape pattern index, index of regional ecological environment quality were used to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of land landscape pattern and the response law of landscape ecological environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed 1) The spatial distribution of forest land, grassland and other ecological land in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is misplaced with the spatial distribution of man-made surface. The main transfer direction of ecological land is cultivated land and man-made surface. 2) At the landscape level, the index of aggregation degree decreased, the index of fragmentation degree and the index of diversity increased from 2000 to 2020. At the class level, the degree of fragmentation of cultivated land increased, and the spatial connection of the manmade surface was continuously strengthened, which tends to develop on a large scale. 3) From 2000 to 2020, the the coexistence of the ecological improvement trend and the ecological deterioration trend of the ecological environment quality weakens the temporal variability of the overall ecological environment. Spatially, the low-value area of the ecological environment quality index is closely related to the spatial pattern of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. 4) The changes in the ecological environment under the transformation of the dominant function of land use, the side effects of the population siphon effect, and the industrial structure affected the spatial distribution of the ecological environment of urban agglomerations.

Key words: the Yangtze River Economic Belt, landscape pattern, landscape index, ecological environment response

中图分类号:

F129.9

马小雪, 吴昊, 秦伯强, 王腊春. 长江经济带景观格局动态演变及其景观生态环境效应[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(10): 1706-1716.

Ma Xiaoxue, Wu Hao, Qin Boqiang, Wang Lachun. Spatiotemporal Change of Landscape Pattern and Its Eco-environmental Response in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(10): 1706-1716.

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分区	包含的地区	GDP/亿元	城镇人口/万人	城市化率/%	建设用地/km²
注：表中各数据均来源于《中国统计年鉴2020》^[16]、《湖南省统计年鉴2020》^[17]、《湖北省统计年鉴2020》^[18]、《江西省统计年鉴2020》^[19]、《十堰市统计年鉴 2020》( http://tjj.hubei.gov.cn/tjsj/sjkscx/tjnj/gsztj/sys/)、《神农架市统计年鉴 2020》( http://tjj.hubei.gov.cn/tjsj/sjkscx/tjnj/gsztj/snjlq/)、《恩施统计年鉴 2020》( http://tjj.hubei.gov.cn/tjsj/sjkscx/tjnj/gsztj/ess/)等。
长江上游	重庆、四川、云南、贵州、张家界市、湘西土家族苗族自治州、^{怀化市、湖北十堰市、神农架林区、恩施土家族苗族自治州}	116079.995	11549.26	49.02	45544.30
长江中游	除上游、下游外的江西、湖北、湖南	100091.180	8894.72	59.52	43911.97
长江下游	上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、上饶市、鹰潭市、景德镇市	241634.000	16043.02	67.74	60919.77
长江经济带		457805.175	36487.00	61.72	150376.04

年份	类型	CA/hm²	PLAND/%	NP/块	PD/(块/100 hm²)	LPI/%	LSI	COHESION
注：CA为斑块类型面积；PLAND为斑块所占景观面积的比例；LPI为最大斑块指数；PD为斑块密度；NP为斑块数量；LSI为景观形状指数；COHESION为斑块凝聚度指数。
2000	耕地	74049132	34.069	390548	0.180	5.759	890.052	99.776
	未利用地	685156	0.315	11077	0.005	0.020	100.808	95.260
	林地	100731144	46.345	368473	0.170	18.035	873.959	99.950
	草地	31308280	14.405	966943	0.445	5.471	979.707	99.272
	湿地	1059740	0.488	6563	0.003	0.163	95.653	98.516
	水体	5498724	2.530	155565	0.072	0.500	354.959	98.040
	人造地表	4018088	1.849	142447	0.066	0.035	430.231	84.996
2010	耕地	73773400	33.928	391664	0.180	5.646	900.811	99.783
	未利用地	679488	0.353	11459	0.006	0.019	113.511	94.787
	林地	101179436	46.532	373582	0.172	33.569	866.412	99.971
	草地	30392260	13.977	916769	0.422	5.706	931.773	99.244
	湿地	1046764	0.481	5932	0.003	0.175	85.961	98.754
	水体·	5227716	2.404	135361	0.062	0.426	331.556	97.907
	人造地表	5051200	2.323	145243	0.067	0.055	420.384	89.248
2020	耕地	71218112	32.749	401387	0.185	5.262	939.553	99.745
	未利用地	775816	0.409	8356	0.004	0.038	79.635	96.794
	林地	99962212	45.967	361133	0.166	26.262	862.216	99.961
	草地	29764792	13.687	884670	0.407	5.515	913.375	99.245
	湿地	761220	0.350	5409	0.003	0.168	83.003	98.572
	水体	6116792	2.813	140021	0.064	0.643	365.676	98.379
	人造地表	8751320	4.024	192651	0.089	0.117	484.051	93.361

年份	ED/(m/hm²)	AI	CONTAG	SHDI	SHEI	SIEI
注：ED为边缘密度；AI为聚合度指数；CONTAG为蔓延度指数；SHDI为香农多样性指数；SHEI为香农均度指数；SIEI为辛普森均匀度指数。
2000	21.8403	78.1292	50.6500	1.2133	0.6235	0.7553
2010	21.5463	78.4237	50.5995	1.2204	0.6272	0.7556
2020	22.0386	77.9316	48.8228	1.2671	0.6512	0.7703

	主要土地利用变化类型	生态贡献率	占贡献率的百分比/%		主要土地利用变化类型	生态贡献率	占贡献率的百分比/%
生态环境正效应	耕地−林地	0.02696	64.52	生态环境负效应	耕地−人造地表	0.002076	4.21
	耕地−草地	0.00589	14.10		草地−人造地表	0.000954	1.93
	耕地−水体	0.00195	4.65		林地−人造地表	0.001757	3.56
	草地−林地	0.00388	9.29		水体−人造地表	0.00046	0.93
	水体−林地	0.00045	1.08		林地−耕地	0.02729	55.34
	人造地表−耕地	0.00053	1.27		林地−草地	0.003864	7.84
	未利用地−草地	0.0008	1.91		林地−水体	0.000772	1.57
	合计	0.0405	96.82		草地−耕地	0.007637	15.49
					草地−未利用地	0.001469	2.98
					水体−耕地	0.001759	3.57
					合计	0.04804	97.41

长江经济带景观格局动态演变及其景观生态环境效应

Spatiotemporal Change of Landscape Pattern and Its Eco-environmental Response in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

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