地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1807-1817.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.10.013

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长江下游地区崧泽文化时期农业形成及其影响因素研究

黎海明1,2,3(), 郑铎4, 刘真5,6, 贾鑫5,6()   

  1. 1.南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院,江苏 南京 210095
    2.南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,江苏 南京 210095
    3.南京农业大学农业考古研究中心,江苏 南京 210095
    4.常州市考古研究所,江苏 常州 213001
    5.南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏 南京 210023
    6.南京师范大学环境考古研究院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-07 修回日期:2021-10-29 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-12-06
  • 通讯作者: 贾鑫 E-mail:lihaiming@njau.edu.cn;jiaxin@njnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黎海明(1989−),男,江西抚州人,讲师,博士,主要从事农业考古和植物考古研究。E-mail: lihaiming@njau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42101152);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20221027);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYQN2022026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SKYC2021011);山东省文化遗产保护与科技考古重点实验室开放课题基金(JolnRLESA202201)

Formation of Agriculture and Its Influencing Factors in the Songze Culture Period in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Li Haiming1,2,3(), Zheng Duo4, Liu Zhen5,6, Jia Xin5,6()   

  1. 1. College of Humanities & Social Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
    2. Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
    3. Agricultural Archaeology Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
    4. Changzhou Institute of Archaeology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu, China
    5. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
    6. Institute of Environmental Archaeology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-09-07 Revised:2021-10-29 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-12-06
  • Contact: Jia Xin E-mail:lihaiming@njau.edu.cn;jiaxin@njnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China)(42101152);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20221027);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYQN2022026);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SKYC2021011);Shandong Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation and Archaeological Sciences(JolnRLESA202201)

摘要:

全新世的气候、环境变化与人类文明发展之间的关系一直是学术界研究的热点问题。长江下游地区崧泽文化时期(6 000—5 300 a B. P.)是文明起源的关键阶段,该时期稻作农业经济社会是否已建立及其影响机制依然不清楚。通过对常州地区青城墩遗址的植物大遗存研究,在24份浮选样品中共发现了131粒炭化水稻(Oryza sativa)种子和2 262粒炭化水稻基盘,该结果表明青城墩遗址先民在崧泽文化时期的农业是以种植水稻为主的稻作农业。结合前人研究工作发现,长江下游地区崧泽文化时期人类主要的生业经济是以种植水稻为主的稻作农业经济,辅之以采集葫芦(Lagenaria siceraria)、芡实(Euryale ferox)、桃(Prunus persica)、甜瓜(Cucumis melo)等野生植物资源为主的采集经济。7 000 a B. P.后海平面上升速率减缓和海岸线的东撤为开展水稻农业生产的古人类提供了大量的栖居环境,该时期相对温暖湿润的气候条件为水稻农业生产提供了良好的生境条件。6 000 a B. P.后的人口压力是长江下游地区古人类选择以稳定和高产的稻作农业为主体生业经济的原因。

关键词: 长江下游地区, 崧泽文化, 生业经济, 稻作农业

Abstract:

The Songze culture period (6 000-5 300 a B. P.) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is a key stage of the origin civilization. However, whether the economic society of rice farming had been formed in this period and its influencing mechanism behind it remain unclear. Through systematic archaeobotanical analysis at Qingchengdun site in Changzhou, 131 carbonized rice seeds and 2 262 rice spikelet base were found in 22 of 24 flotation samples. The results indicated that the agricultural economy of the ancestors of Qingchengdun site during the Songze culture period was mainly based on rice planting. Combined with previous archaeobotanical work, it is found that the main subsistence economy of human beings during the Songze culture period in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River was a rice farming agricultural economy based on planting rice, supplemented by a gathering economy based on collecting wild plant resources such as gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Semen Euryales (Euryale ferox), peach (Prunus persica) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo). After 7 000 a B. P., the slow rise of sea level and the eastward withdrawal of coastline provided a large number of living environments for ancient humans carrying out rice agricultural production. The suitable relatively warm and humid climate conditions in this period also provided suitable habitat conditions for rice agricultural production. The pressure of population growth after 6 000 a B. P. is the reason why ancient humans in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River chose stable and high-yield rice agriculture as the main subsistence strategy.

Key words: the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Songze culture, subsistence economy, rice farming

中图分类号: 

  • K903