东北低山丘陵典型区侵蚀沟分布特征及其地形影响研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.10.015

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1829-1837.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.10.015

东北低山丘陵典型区侵蚀沟分布特征及其地形影响研究

焦鹏¹^,²(), 阎百兴²^,³(), 欧洋²^,³, 李明堂¹, 任明⁴, 温磊磊⁴, 崔虎², 田莉萍², 程磊²^,⁵, 刘惠平²^,⁵

1.吉林农业大学资源与环境学院，吉林长春 130118
2.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室，吉林长春 130102
3.吉林省寒区人工湿地构建与美丽乡村建设研究中心，吉林长春 130102
4.水利部松辽水利委员会，吉林长春 130021
5.吉林农业大学植物保护学院，吉林长春 130118

收稿日期:2021-09-21 修回日期:2022-01-28 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-12-06
通讯作者: 阎百兴 E-mail:jiaopeng@iga.ac.cn;yanbx@iga.ac.cn
作者简介:焦鹏（1997−），男，吉林长春人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为农业环境保护与生态修复。E-mail: jiaopeng@iga.ac.cn
基金资助:
松辽水利委员会侵蚀沟调查项目资助

Distribution Characteristics and Topographic Influence of Erosion Gully in Typical Hilly Region of Northeast China

Jiao Peng¹^,²(), Yan Baixing²^,³(), Ou Yang²^,³, Li Mingtang¹, Ren Ming⁴, Wen Leilei⁴, Cui Hu², Tian Liping², Cheng Lei²^,⁵, Liu Huiping²^,⁵

1. College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
2. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Changchun 130102, Jilin, China
3. Research Center of Artificial Wetland Construction and Beautiful Countryside Construction in Cold Areas of Jilin Province, Changchun 130102, Jilin, China
4. Songliao Water Conservancy Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
5. College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China

Received:2021-09-21 Revised:2022-01-28 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-12-06
Contact: Yan Baixing E-mail:jiaopeng@iga.ac.cn;yanbx@iga.ac.cn
Supported by:
Erosion Gully Investigation Project Supported by Songliao Water Conservancy Commission

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东北低山丘陵区是重要的粮食主产区和商品粮基地，高强度的农业垦殖造成了严重的水土流失，侵蚀沟危害日益加剧。选择东辽河上游106.5 km²的区域为研究区，基于分辨率2 m的遥感影像，在GIS人工预判读侵蚀沟的基础上，野外实地验证并测量了研究区内长度≥50 m、且深度≥0.5 m的侵蚀沟的几何参数与经纬度；基于DEM获取了侵蚀沟所在坡面的坡度、坡向和高程等空间信息；分析了研究区侵蚀沟的基本特征与时空演化趋势，探讨了坡度和坡向对侵蚀沟发育的影响。结果表明：① 目前研究区已形成侵蚀沟322条，分布密度为3.0条/km²，沟壑密度为0.8 km/km²，割裂度为1.4%，侵蚀沟发展速度快，沟蚀强度已达强烈程度，应引起足够重视。② 侵蚀沟主要分布在6°~9°的坡耕地上，坡度对沟蚀的影响明显，坡耕地高强度垦殖是沟蚀加剧的主要驱动力；③ 阳坡（S、E）上侵蚀沟分布相对较多，而阴坡（N）上侵蚀沟分布最少，坡向对沟蚀也有一定影响。研究成果为认识东北低山丘陵区侵蚀沟发生与演化提供了科学数据。

关键词: 东北低山丘陵区, 侵蚀沟, 几何参数, 坡度, 坡向

Abstract:

The low mountain and hilly areas in Northeast China are important grain producing areas and commercial grain bases. High-intensity agricultural cultivation has caused serious soil erosion and increasing erosion ditch hazards. An area of 106.5 km² in the upper reaches of the East Liaohe River was selected as the study area, and the geometric parameters and latitude and longitude of erosion ditches with length ≥ 50 m and depth ≥ 0.5 m in the study area were verified and measured in the field based on the remote sensing images with 2 m resolution and manual prediction of erosion ditches by GIS. Based on DEM, the spatial information of slope gradient, slope aspect and elevation of erosion gullies was obtained; the basic characteristics and spatial and temporal evolution trends of erosion gullies in the study area were analyzed, and the influence of slope gradient and slope aspect on the development of erosion gullies was discussed. The results show that: 1) There are 322 erosion gullies in the study area, with a distribution density of 3.0 gullies /km², a gully density of 0.8 km/km², and a fragmentation degree of 1.4%. The development of erosion gullies is fast, and the intensity of gully erosion has reached an intense degree, which should be paid enough attention to. 2) Erosion gullies are mainly distributed on sloping arable land from 6° to 9°, the influence of slope gradient on gully erosion is obvious, and the high-intensity reclamation of sloping arable land is the main driving force for the increase of gully erosion. 3) There are more erosion gullies on the sunny slope (S, E, etc.), and least erosion gullies on the shady slope (N). Slope aspect also has a certain influence on gully erosion. The research results provide scientific data for understanding the occurrence and evolution of erosion gullies in low mountain and hilly areas of Northeast China.

Key words: low mountain and hilly regions of Northeast China, erosion gully, geometric parameters, slope gradient, slope aspect

中图分类号:

S157.1

焦鹏, 阎百兴, 欧洋, 李明堂, 任明, 温磊磊, 崔虎, 田莉萍, 程磊, 刘惠平. 东北低山丘陵典型区侵蚀沟分布特征及其地形影响研究[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(10): 1829-1837.

Jiao Peng, Yan Baixing, Ou Yang, Li Mingtang, Ren Ming, Wen Leilei, Cui Hu, Tian Liping, Cheng Lei, Liu Huiping. Distribution Characteristics and Topographic Influence of Erosion Gully in Typical Hilly Region of Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(10): 1829-1837.

图/表 6

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参数	2011年	2021年		可比条件下的增速
参数	2011年	≥50 m	≥106.7 m	可比条件下的增速
数量/条	143	322	284	98.6%
总长度/km	36.90	84.31	81.38	120.5%
分布密度/（条/km²）	1.34	3.02	2.67	98.6%
沟壑密度/（km/km²）	0.35	0.79	0.76	120.5%

参数	杨树河流域	二道河流域	鸶鹭河流域	大度河流域	研究区
流域面积/km²	43.0	13.6	29.6	20.3	106.5
平均长度/m	219.2	238.1	276.0	301.3	261.8
平均宽度/m	7.8	14.8	18.4	19.6	14.9
平均深度/m	2.5	2.8	3.1	3.9	3.1
平均面积/hm²	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.5
平均体积/m³	4485.5	9787.2	12598.8	21379.2	12351.1
分布密度（条/km²）	2.5	1.7	3.1	4.9	3.0
沟壑密度（km/km²）	0.6	0.4	0.9	1.5	0.8
割裂度/%	0.5	0.7	1.8	3.2	1.4
垦殖率/%	49.7	51.2	58.3	55.9	53.5
平均坡度/(°)	7.9	7.4	6.3	6.4	7.1

东北低山丘陵典型区侵蚀沟分布特征及其地形影响研究

Distribution Characteristics and Topographic Influence of Erosion Gully in Typical Hilly Region of Northeast China

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