地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1838-1847.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.10.016

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呼伦贝尔草原火时空格局及特征分析

周粉粉1(), 郭蒙1(), 钟超1, 常禹2, 于方冰1   

  1. 1.东北师范大学地理科学学院/长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室,吉林 长春 130024
    2.中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室/中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110016
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-16 修回日期:2022-03-16 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-12-06
  • 通讯作者: 郭蒙 E-mail:zhouff227@nenu.edu.cn;guom521@nenu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:周粉粉(1997−),女,山东菏泽人,硕士研究生,主要从事草原火研究。E-mail: zhouff227@nenu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0207800);国家自然科学基金项目(41871103)

Spatial-temporal Patterns and Characteristics of Grassland Fire in the Hulunbuir Grassland

Zhou Fenfen1(), Guo Meng1(), Zhong Chao1, Chang Yu2, Yu Fangbing1   

  1. 1. School of Geography Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Geographic Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2021-11-16 Revised:2022-03-16 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-12-06
  • Contact: Guo Meng E-mail:zhouff227@nenu.edu.cn;guom521@nenu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0207800);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871103)

摘要:

以Fire_CCI51为主要数据源,应用GIS空间分析技术对呼伦贝尔地区2001—2019年草原火的时空分布进行了研究,结果发现:呼伦贝尔草原火时间上具有年际波动较大、循环周期不定和春、秋两季双峰式集中的特点;空间上集中分布在东部森林草原、边境线附近,呈现出东多西少、北多南少的格局。利用相关分析方法对主要气象因子(平均降水量、最高气温、最小相对湿度、最大风速)与草原火之间的关系进行了深入分析,发现气象因子与草原火之间不存在显著相关;通过对呼伦贝尔市1981—2015年的草原起火原因统计数据分析发现,人类活动是导致草原火发生的主要因素。应用空间分析方法对边境线20 km缓冲区内的草原火进行了提取,发现境外过火面积远高于境内而且俄罗斯的过火面积远高于蒙古和中国。

关键词: 草原火, 过境火, 草原火灾防控政策, 呼伦贝尔草原

Abstract:

Under the background of global climate change, human activities have intensified the occurrence of extreme climate events, increased the possibility of grassland fire, and seriously threatened these curity of terrestrial ecosystem and people’s life and property. The Hulunbuir grassland as a border zone of China, Mongolia, and Russia, so the study of spatial and temporal distribution pattern and influencing factors of grassland fire is of great significance to the management and prevention and control of grassland fire in our country. In this study, Fire_CCI51 was used as the main data source, and GIS spatial analysis technology was applied to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of grassland fires in Hulunbuir region from 2001 to 2019. The results show that there has the randomness of large interannual fluctuations and indefinite cycles and the regularity of bimodal concentration in spring and autumn; the spatial distribution is concentrated in the eastern forests and grasslands and near the border line , shows a pattern of more east and less west, more north and less south. In order to explore the influence of meteorological factors on grassland fire in HulunBuir grassland, this study conducted an in-depth analysis of relationship between major meteorological factors and grassland fires by using correlation analysis method. It was found that there was no significant correlation. Therefore, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the causes of grassland fires, and finds that human activities are the main cause of grassland fires. In addition, the spatial analysis is used to extract the burn area in boder area and buffer zone, and found that there are far more fires outside than inside and Russia has far more fires than Mongolia or China. In view of junction environment is not very different, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the different grassland management and prevention and control policies in China, Mongolia and Russia, and finds that China’s policy is more strict and perfect, and has more advantages in border fire prevention and control. Therefore, the study believes that the local government should urge herdsmen to mow the grassland in time, focus on human activities in pastoral areas, and strictly manage anthropogenic fire sources, rationally allocate prevention and control forces, focusing on forest-steppe zone and border zone. At the same time, China’s prevention and control experience should also be shared with neighboring countries to promote joint prevention and control in border areas.

Key words: grassland fire, border fire, grassland fire prevention and control policy, Hulunbuir Grassland

中图分类号: 

  • K903