呼伦贝尔草原火时空格局及特征分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.10.016

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1838-1847.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.10.016

呼伦贝尔草原火时空格局及特征分析

周粉粉¹(), 郭蒙¹(), 钟超¹, 常禹², 于方冰¹

1.东北师范大学地理科学学院/长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室，吉林长春 130024
2.中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室/中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，辽宁沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2021-11-16 修回日期:2022-03-16 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-12-06
通讯作者: 郭蒙 E-mail:zhouff227@nenu.edu.cn;guom521@nenu.edu.cn
作者简介:周粉粉（1997−），女，山东菏泽人，硕士研究生，主要从事草原火研究。E-mail: zhouff227@nenu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0207800);国家自然科学基金项目(41871103)

Spatial-temporal Patterns and Characteristics of Grassland Fire in the Hulunbuir Grassland

Zhou Fenfen¹(), Guo Meng¹(), Zhong Chao¹, Chang Yu², Yu Fangbing¹

1. School of Geography Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Geographic Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
2. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China

Received:2021-11-16 Revised:2022-03-16 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-12-06
Contact: Guo Meng E-mail:zhouff227@nenu.edu.cn;guom521@nenu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0207800);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871103)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以Fire_CCI51为主要数据源，应用GIS空间分析技术对呼伦贝尔地区2001—2019年草原火的时空分布进行了研究，结果发现：呼伦贝尔草原火时间上具有年际波动较大、循环周期不定和春、秋两季双峰式集中的特点；空间上集中分布在东部森林草原、边境线附近，呈现出东多西少、北多南少的格局。利用相关分析方法对主要气象因子（平均降水量、最高气温、最小相对湿度、最大风速）与草原火之间的关系进行了深入分析，发现气象因子与草原火之间不存在显著相关；通过对呼伦贝尔市1981—2015年的草原起火原因统计数据分析发现，人类活动是导致草原火发生的主要因素。应用空间分析方法对边境线20 km缓冲区内的草原火进行了提取，发现境外过火面积远高于境内而且俄罗斯的过火面积远高于蒙古和中国。

关键词: 草原火, 过境火, 草原火灾防控政策, 呼伦贝尔草原

Abstract:

Under the background of global climate change, human activities have intensified the occurrence of extreme climate events, increased the possibility of grassland fire, and seriously threatened these curity of terrestrial ecosystem and people’s life and property. The Hulunbuir grassland as a border zone of China, Mongolia, and Russia, so the study of spatial and temporal distribution pattern and influencing factors of grassland fire is of great significance to the management and prevention and control of grassland fire in our country. In this study, Fire_CCI51 was used as the main data source, and GIS spatial analysis technology was applied to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of grassland fires in Hulunbuir region from 2001 to 2019. The results show that there has the randomness of large interannual fluctuations and indefinite cycles and the regularity of bimodal concentration in spring and autumn; the spatial distribution is concentrated in the eastern forests and grasslands and near the border line , shows a pattern of more east and less west, more north and less south. In order to explore the influence of meteorological factors on grassland fire in HulunBuir grassland, this study conducted an in-depth analysis of relationship between major meteorological factors and grassland fires by using correlation analysis method. It was found that there was no significant correlation. Therefore, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the causes of grassland fires, and finds that human activities are the main cause of grassland fires. In addition, the spatial analysis is used to extract the burn area in boder area and buffer zone, and found that there are far more fires outside than inside and Russia has far more fires than Mongolia or China. In view of junction environment is not very different, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the different grassland management and prevention and control policies in China, Mongolia and Russia, and finds that China’s policy is more strict and perfect, and has more advantages in border fire prevention and control. Therefore, the study believes that the local government should urge herdsmen to mow the grassland in time, focus on human activities in pastoral areas, and strictly manage anthropogenic fire sources, rationally allocate prevention and control forces, focusing on forest-steppe zone and border zone. At the same time, China’s prevention and control experience should also be shared with neighboring countries to promote joint prevention and control in border areas.

Key words: grassland fire, border fire, grassland fire prevention and control policy, Hulunbuir Grassland

中图分类号:

K903

周粉粉, 郭蒙, 钟超, 常禹, 于方冰. 呼伦贝尔草原火时空格局及特征分析[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(10): 1838-1847.

Zhou Fenfen, Guo Meng, Zhong Chao, Chang Yu, Yu Fangbing. Spatial-temporal Patterns and Characteristics of Grassland Fire in the Hulunbuir Grassland[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(10): 1838-1847.

图/表 11

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火场样地	影像日期（年份.月份）	行/列	传感器	BA_Landsat/hm²	BA_Fire-CCI/hm²	RR_Fire-CCI/%
1	2001.09	123/25	Landsat5 TM	4286.13	4519.21	90.90
2	2002.06	123/25	Landsat5 TM	1344.81	1257.14	73.44
3	2003.05	123/24	Landsat5 TM	20662.21	17837.12	84.73
4	2004.08	123/26	Landsat5 TM	7533.24	7645.97	95.39
5	2006.05	123/26	Landsat5 TM	18503.34	16009.70	82.65
6	2007.04	123/25	Landsat5 TM	5821.19	5494.98	71.35
7	2013.10	126/26	Landsat8 OLI	12281.97	9703.15	72.09
8	2014.04	124/26	Landsat8 OLI	8622.75	8163.47	79.25
9	2014.09	123/26	Landsat8 OLI	5396.67	3307.86	57.73
10	2019.05	123/25	Landsat8 OLI	3511.82	3548.22	83.78

	R²（过火面积）	R² （过火次数）
年均最高气温	0.011	0.009
年均降水量	0.036	0.060
年均最小相对湿度	0.007	0.011
年均最大风速	0.118	0.148

	R²（过火面积）	R²（过火次数）
注：^**表示P＜0.01。
月均最高气温	0.027	0.038
月均降水量	0.002	0.026
月均最小相对湿度	0.049	0.007
月均最大风速	0.024	0.130^**

	R²（当月过火面积）	R²（当月过火次数）
注：^*表示P＜0.01，^表示P<0.05。
上月均最高气温	0.000	0.077^*
上月均降水量	0.002	0.058^*
上月均最小相对湿度	0.000	0.003
上月均最大风速	0.028	0.100^**

	草原所有权	利用政策	利用方式
中国	国家所有制	承包责任制	定牧、禁牧、休牧、轮牧
蒙古	国有制	共同管理制	传统游牧
俄罗斯	私有制	租赁制	轮牧

呼伦贝尔草原火时空格局及特征分析

Spatial-temporal Patterns and Characteristics of Grassland Fire in the Hulunbuir Grassland

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措施	依据	要求
划定防火区	草原火灾发生危险程度和影响范围等	政府主管部门对草原火险区进行分级
公布防火期（3.15~6.15、9.15~11.15）	草原火灾发生规律	地方人民政府对防火期间的一切草原社会、生产活动提出严格要求：禁止一切野外用火；机动车辆应安装防火装置并配合安全检查；高火险期内，任何单位和个人不得擅自进入高火险区
编制防火规划	草原火险区划、防火工作实际需要	政府主管部门编制
落实防火责任	森林草原防火责任单位和责任人	各级人民政府根据划定的草原防火区和经营单位确定
制定应急预案	联防联控、草原火险预报预警制度	草原防火主管部门和气象主管机构等各部门共同建立

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