三峡库区腹地土地利用动态演变路径分析————以奉节县为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.11.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以三峡库区腹地奉节县为研究区，基于1980年、2000年、2010年和2020年4期土地利用数据，采用单一土地利用动态度、区域划分和土地利用模式划分等方法，从“全域?局域”的空间尺度分析奉节县土地利用动态变化过程，理清土地利用演变路径，并探究其驱动机制。结果表明：① 1980—2020年奉节县和各小区域的土地利用变化整体表现一致，有林地、园地和撂荒地面积持续增加，草地、灌木林地和耕地面积不断减少。② 奉节县全域土地利用演变整体趋向于生态保育型，各小区域则主要表现为单一的粮食供给型和生态经济合作型、粮食供给型和生态经济合作型综合发展、由粮食供给型向生态经济合作型逐渐过渡。③ 1980—2000年奉节县土地利用演变受自然、三峡工程建设、社会经济和政策等多因素共同作用，2000—2010年的土地利用主要受三峡工程建设、社会经济和政策因素综合影响，2010—2020年则主要受社会经济和政策因素双重制约。

关键词: 土地利用, 三峡库区, 演变路径, 奉节县

Abstract:

This article took Fengjie County in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the study area, based on the land use data in 1980, 2000, 2010 and 2020, analyzed the dynamic change process of land use in Fengjie County from the “whole region-local” scale by adopting the methods of dynamic degree of single land use, regional division and land use pattern division, cleared the evolution path of land use and explored its driving mechanism. The results showed that: 1) The overall performance of land use change in Fengjie County and other small areas was consistent from 1980 to 2020; forest land, orchard, abandoned land and urban and rural settlement land continued to increase, while grassland, shrub land and cultivated land continued to decrease. 2) The land use evolution of Fengjie County tended to be ecological conservation, while the small areas were mainly manifested as single grain supply type and eco-economic cooperation type, comprehensive development of grain supply and eco-economic cooperation type, and gradual transition from grain supply to eco-economic cooperation type. 3) The land use evolution of Fengjie County was influenced by the comprehensive role of natural, the construction of the Three Gorges Project, socio-economic and policy factors from 1980 to 2000, and the land use was mainly affected by the construction of the Three Gorges Project, socio-economic and policy factors from 2000 to 2010, while it was mainly restricted by socio-economic and policy factors from 2010 to 2020.

Key words: land use, Three Gorges Reservoir Area, evolution path, Fengjie County

中图分类号:

K903

夏春华, 李阳兵, 陈爽, 黄孟勤, 唐金京, 王若沣. 三峡库区腹地土地利用动态演变路径分析————以奉节县为例[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(11): 1975-1985.

Xia Chunhua, Li Yangbing, Chen Shuang, Huang Mengqin, Tang Jinjing, Wang Ruofeng. Dynamic Evolution Path of Land Use in the Hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area: A Case Study of Fengjie County[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(11): 1975-1985.

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区域划分	乡镇、街道数量	2020年		分区标准
区域划分	乡镇、街道数量	面积/hm²	比重/%	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级

传统农耕区	19	267971.00	67.52	单一土地利用动态度K（“+”表示增加，“−”表示减少，去除整体变化一致的用地类型，保留变化多样的耕地和园地）	耕地的面积变化主要分为减少（−1.50%<K<−0.11%）、持续减少（−2.31%<K<−1.50%）和总体不变（−0.11%<K<0）3种变化类型；园地的面积变化则可以分为增加（K>0）和减少（K<0）2种变化类型	1980—2020年耕地−1.50%<K<−0.11%，园地K<0或者2010—2020年K>0
特色产业区	7	61932.25	15.60			1980—2020年耕地−2.31%<K<−1.50%，园地K>15.00%
耕−果过渡区	2	19850.88	5.00			1980—2020年耕地−1.50%<K<−0.05%，园地K>0，耕地面积略大于园地面积
耕–果综合发展区	4	47143.76	11.88			1980—2020年耕地−1.50<K≤−0.61%，园地K>0，耕地面积基本等于园地面积