城市社会空间结构及其演变——从芝加哥、洛杉矶到上海

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2023.02.001

地理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 185-196.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2023.02.001

• 比较城市化专栏 • 下一篇

城市社会空间结构及其演变——从芝加哥、洛杉矶到上海

古荭欢¹^,²^,³(), 孙斌栋¹^,²^,³()

1.华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心，上海 200241
2.崇明生态研究院，上海 202162
3.华东师范大学未来城市实验室，上海 200241

收稿日期:2022-06-10 修回日期:2022-12-22 发布日期:2023-02-20 出版日期:2023-02-28
通讯作者: 孙斌栋 E-mail:guhonghuan@hotmail.com;bdsun@re.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:古荭欢（1991—），女，江西兴国人，博士，主要从事城市社会空间、邻里不平等研究。E-mail: guhonghuan@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42071210);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(21YJCZH033);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M691019);中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学新文科创新平台(2022ECNU-XWK-XK001)

The urban socio-spatial structure and its dynamics: From Chicago, Los Angeles to Shanghai

Gu Honghuan¹^,²^,³(), Sun Bindong¹^,²^,³()

1. Research center for China Administrative Division, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2. Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 202162, China
3. The Future City Lab, East China Normal University, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received:2022-06-10 Revised:2022-12-22 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-02-28
Contact: Sun Bindong E-mail:guhonghuan@hotmail.com;bdsun@re.ecnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071210);NThe Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(21YJCZH033);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691019);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ECNU-XWK-XK001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

源自西方的现代城市理论显然无法解释以中国为代表的“全球南方”城市的全部特征。为了使城市理论具有更大的包容性，以城市社会空间分析为例，聚焦高、中、低3类社会/收入阶层的空间格局与演化这一主题，对中国上海、美国芝加哥和洛杉矶3座典型城市进行对比研究，尝试在捕捉地方性特征的同时提炼有关社会空间的普适性规律，为理论体系补充新的认知。研究表明，与美国“外高内低”的社会空间模式截然相反，中国城市呈现出“内高外低”的典型特征；在演化趋势上，美国城市体现为以低社会阶层邻里扩张为主的“社会空间下沉”，同时在历史悠久的大城市出现了高社会阶层群体向中心城内核的回流，而中国城市则呈现以中等收入邻里扩张为主的“社会空间上升”，同时伴随着中心城区内核少许高收入居民的外流。中美城市社会空间结构的差异源自两国社会经济因素的差别，但都遵循一些共同规律：各国的城市社会空间结构是与城市化阶段相对应的；其差异和演变都可以采用城郊的人口吸引力和交通可达性这样的统一分析框架来理解；背后深层次的动力机制是相同的，本质上都反映了社会地位不均衡在空间上的映射，是优势群体主导区位竞争的空间体现。

关键词: 比较研究, 城市社会空间, 上海, 芝加哥, 洛杉矶

Abstract:

The modern urban theory originating from the West cannot explain all characteristics of the ''Global South Cities'' represented by China. To make the urban theory more inclusive, this paper focuses on the spatial structure and dynamics of high, middle, and low class/income groups, and attempts to capture not only the localism and differences but also the general characteristics of cities through a comparative study of urban social space in three typical cities in China and the United States, namely Shanghai, Chicago, and Los Angeles. The results show that the Chinese cities is characterized by ''the low-income in suburbs and the high-income in the city'', which is opposite to the classical pattern of ''the upper class in the suburbs and the lower class in the city'' in American cities. The neighborhood dynamics in the United States are characterized by more ''downward social space'' in suburbia as well as a growing upward social space in the city. But the Chinese city is characterized by more ''upward social space'' due to the expansion of middle-income neighborhoods in the suburb, and a slight tendency of inner-city gentrification. The differences in urban socio-spatial structure between China and the United States are produced by the distinctions of various socio-economic factors. However, the general characteristics are also be found. The urban socio-spatial structure of each country is corresponding to the urbanization stage, and the differences in the structure and dynamics of social space can be understood by a unified analytical framework of the attractiveness of urban residents and the accessibility of intra-urban transportation. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the urban socio-spatial dynamics is also similar, which reflects the extension of uneven development of social status in urban space and the spatial manifestation of the success of the dominant group in the locational competition in nature.

Key words: comparative research, urban social space, Shanghai, Chicago, Los Angeles

中图分类号:

K915

古荭欢, 孙斌栋. 城市社会空间结构及其演变——从芝加哥、洛杉矶到上海[J]. 地理科学, 2023, 43(2): 185-196.

Gu Honghuan, Sun Bindong. The urban socio-spatial structure and its dynamics: From Chicago, Los Angeles to Shanghai[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2023, 43(2): 185-196.

图/表 3

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城市社会空间结构及其演变——从芝加哥、洛杉矶到上海

The urban socio-spatial structure and its dynamics: From Chicago, Los Angeles to Shanghai

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