东北地区“三区空间”格局演化特征及驱动机制

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2023.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用空间转移矩阵、景观格局分析和最优参数地理探测器等方法，从“量变–形变”两个维度切入，研究2000—2020年东北地区“三区空间”演化特征与驱动机制。结果表明：① 近20 a东北地区城镇空间剧烈扩张的同时常住人口不断减少，中小城镇“人口–土地”失衡问题显著；农业空间、生态空间规模有所减少；② 农业空间是城镇扩张的主要来源，国家级农产品主产区中农业空间流失严重；“生态–农业”空间的相互交叉转换现象明显，集中发生在农产品主产区和重点生态功能区；③ 重点开发区、优化开发区内景观破碎化、异质化趋势明显，农产品主产区中农业空间作为优势类型的地位下降，重点生态功能区景观格局变化不明显；④ 国土开发政策是东北“三区空间”演化的关键驱动力；地理基础条件是基本动力，对形态变化的驱动作用更强；社会经济条件是重要驱动力，对交叉转换规模的作用尤为显著。

关键词: 三区空间, 东北全面振兴, 主体功能区, 最优参数地理探测器

Abstract:

Using the spatial transformation matrix, landscape pattern analysis, and Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector Model, this study aimed to reveal the spatial evolution characteristics and formation mechanism of the ''three-zone space'' in Northeast China in the past 20 years from the two dimensions of transformation gross scale and landscape pattern change. The results showed that: 1) In the last 20a, with the rapid expansion of urban space, the resident population in Northeast China was decreasing, and the imbalance of ''population-land'' in non-central cities was more serious. At the same time, the scale of agricultural space and ecological space had been reduced. 2) Agricultural space was the main source of urban expansion, especially in the main agricultural producing areas. In addition, the conversion between ecological space and agricultural space in non-key and optimized development zones was particularly evident. 3) The trend of landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity in key and optimized development zones was obvious, and the position of agricultural space as a dominant type in the main agricultural product producing areas declined, but no significant change in the landscape pattern of ecological function reserve. 4) Land development policy had a significant impact on both the transformation gross scale and landscape pattern change, but the geographical conditions had a stronger impact on the landscape pattern change and social-economic factors had a more influence on the transformation gross scale.

Key words: three-zone space, Northeast China comprehensive revitalization, major function oriented zone, Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector Model

中图分类号:

F129.9

魏伟, 尹力. 东北地区“三区空间”格局演化特征及驱动机制[J]. 地理科学, 2023, 43(2): 324-336.

Wei Wei, Yin Li. Evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of spatial pattern of ''three-zone space'' in Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2023, 43(2): 324-336.

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“三区空间” 分类	GlobeLand30土地利用分类体系		地域主导功能类型
“三区空间” 分类	一级地类	二级地类	地域主导功能类型
资料来源：GlobeLand30产品说明书（ http://www.globallandcover.com/），经整理。
城镇空间	人造地表	由人工建造活动形成的地表，包括城镇等各类居民地、工矿、交通设施等，不包括建设用地内部大规模且连片分布的绿地和水体	城镇发展
农业空间	耕地	用于种植农作物的土地，包括水田、灌溉旱地、雨养旱地、菜地、牧草种植地、大棚用地、以种植农作物为主间有果树及其他经济乔木的土地，以及茶园、咖啡园等灌木类经济作物种植地	粮食安全
生态空间	森林	落叶阔叶林、常绿阔叶林、落叶针叶林、常绿针叶林、混交林以及疏林地等	生态安全
	草地	草原、林甸、稀树草原、荒漠草原以及城市人工草地等
	灌木地	山地灌丛、落叶和常绿灌丛以及荒漠地区覆盖度高于10%的荒漠灌丛
	湿地	内陆、湖泊沼泽、河流泛洪湿地、森林/灌木湿地、泥炭沼泽、盐沼
	水体	陆地范围液态水覆盖的区域，包括江河、湖泊、水库、坑塘、近海等
	裸地	荒漠、沙地、砾石地、裸岩、盐碱地等

主体功能区	转换阶段	交叉转换规模/km²
主体功能区	转换阶段	农业→城镇	农业→生态	生态→城镇	生态→农业	城镇→农业	城镇→生态
国家级重点开发区	2000—2010年	313.28	413.82	282.98	505.65	194.78	64.52
国家级重点开发区	2010—2020年	1 587.34	1 361.70	339.23	1 517.52	270.70	75.28
省级重点开发区	2000—2010年	626.55	1 616.54	176.95	1 011.88	447.83	121.01
省级重点开发区	2010—2020年	1 908.13	2 285.01	468.04	2 163.87	361.37	69.92
国家级农产品主产区	2000—2010年	925.17	3 077.70	225.22	2 522.41	864.69	168.97
国家级农产品主产区	2010—2020年	3 076.85	5 226.18	393.23	7 346.70	1 203.56	128.67
省级农产品主产区	2000—2010年	171.28	776.43	17.25	583.58	169.86	17.39
省级农产品主产区	2010—2020年	343.79	1 453.95	41.51	850.36	153.93	14.07
国家级重点生态功能区	2000—2010年	370.17	3 039.91	254.08	3 126.98	261.59	215.00
国家级重点生态功能区	2010—2020年	1 028.12	6 309.27	388.09	7 222.38	437.43	155.91
省级重点生态功能区	2000—2010年	62.95	607.28	25.58	620.88	50.35	7.49
省级重点生态功能区	2010—2020年	192.14	1 763.31	27.76	595.64	40.25	9.26
国家级优化开发区	2000—2010年	457.62	243.73	185.27	279.57	83.73	25.84
国家级优化开发区	2010—2020年	514.52	285.93	244.70	272.86	119.15	44.62
合计	2000—2010年	2 927.02	9 775.43	1 167.34	8 650.95	2 072.84	620.23
合计	2010—2020年	8 650.88	18 685.36	1 902.56	19 969.32	2 586.39	497.72

景观格局指数	转换类型规模
景观格局指数	农业→城镇	农业→生态	生态→城镇	生态→农业	城镇→农业	城镇→生态
注：：在10%置信水平下显著；：在5%置信水平下显著；**：在1%置信水平下显著；其他无显著相关性。
斑块数量	0.25^***	0.21^***	0.08	0.04	−0.08^**	0.10^**
最大斑块指数	−0.01^***	0.11*	−0.01^***	0.15^**	0.06	0.10
面积周长分维数	0.18^***	0.12^***	0.13^***	0.07^***	0.17^***	0.12^**
蔓延度	−0.12^***	0.07	−0.04^***	0.21^***	0.08	0.18^***
景观分离度	0.25^***	−0.01^**	0.36^***	−0.00^***	0.03	−0.03^*
分散指数	0.17^***	0.04	0.25^***	0.01^***	0.02	0.07^**
香农多样性指数	0.38^***	0.05	0.41^***	−0.03^***	0.03	−0.03^***
聚集度	−0.02^***	0.19^***	0.18^***	0.25^***	0.11^*	0.27^***