航空运输业提升了城市系统的吸引力并激发新的交通需求，引导城市经济和空间结构快速演进。本文构建了包含经济、规模、外贸、科技、社会、环境、航空等要素在内的城市复杂时空系统指标体系，对中国省会航空节点城市及其构成的7个空管区的复杂时空系统发展的协调程度变化情况及时空聚类特征、空间溢出效应进行了分析。研究发现：2001—2019年，中国31个省会（首府、直辖市）航空节点城市在复杂时空系统发展过程中呈现了或分散、或集中的趋势特征，南方城市在研究末期的协调程度表现更好。7个空管区中，华北区协调度最高，新疆区、西北区、华东区、中南区的协调度水平发展增速较快，航空系统的平均协调度最高。各航空节点城市复杂时空系统协调度的时空聚类模式存在空间分异特征与聚类特征，航空系统在空管区的聚类优势最为突出，经济系统在空管区聚类辐射范围最大。航空、规模、科技与环境系统均表现了正向直接空间溢出效应，经济与科技系统表现了正向间接空间溢出效应。通过全面分析航空节点城市及空管区的复杂时空系统协调度变化，精准判定了航空节点城市多指标系统在区域发展过程中的影响程度及时空分布异质性，对拓展航空地理研究及促进航空节点城市高质量综合发展提供理论依据。

The air transport industry enhances cities’ attractiveness and stimulates new transportation needs, guides the rapid evolution of urban economy and spatial structure, it is an important driving force for the comprehensive development of cities. This paper expands the content of urban research, constructs a complex urban system including population, economy, society, ecology and aviation, etc., and analyzes the coordination degree, the spatiotemporal clustering characteristics and spatial spillover effects of the complex spatiotemporal system development in China’s provincial capital aviation node cities and the seven air traffic control areas composed of them. The research found that from 2001 to 2019, 31 provincial capital (and above) aviation node cities in China showed the trend of dispersion or concentration in the development of complex spatiotemporal systems, and cities in the southern China performed better in the coordination degree at the end of the study. Among the 7 air traffic control regions, North China had the highest coordination degree, Xinjiang, Northwest China, East China and Central South China had relatively faster development growth rate in coordination degree levels, and the average coordination degree of aviation system was the highest. The spatial differentiation characteristics and clustering characteristics of the spatiotemporal clustering mode of the coordination degree of each system in the 7 air traffic control areas were obvious, the agglomeration advantage of the aviation system in the air traffic control area was the most prominent, and the clustering radiation range of the economic system in the air traffic control area was the largest. Aerospace, scale, technology and environmental systems all showed positive direct spatial spillovers, while economic and technological systems showed positive indirect spatial spillovers. By comprehensively analyzing the changes of the coordination degree of complex spatiotemporal systems in aviation node cities and air traffic control areas, the influence of aviation node cities in the process of regional development and the development differences in each city are accurately determined, which provides a theoretical basis for expanding the research of aviation geography and promoting the high-quality development of aviation node cities.