地理科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 102-109.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.01.012

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世界遗产地西湖的物理拥挤和心理拥挤关系

李风琴1(), 杨效忠1()   

  1. 1.安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院, 安徽 芜湖 241003
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-06 修回日期:2016-05-18 出版日期:2017-01-15 发布日期:2017-01-15
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:李风琴(1983-),湖北钟祥人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为旅游地理与旅游规划。E-mail:43442723@qq.com; fengqin99e@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41471129)资助

Relationship Between Physical and Psychological Crowding in the World Heritage—West Lake

Fengqin Li1(), Xiaozhong Yang1()   

  1. 1.College of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, Anhui, China
  • Received:2016-03-06 Revised:2016-05-18 Online:2017-01-15 Published:2017-01-15
  • Supported by:
    National Nature Sciences Foundation of China (41471129).

摘要:

分析世界遗产地西湖各小景点的景观功能性差异和西湖申遗成功后主要收费景区客流的时空分布特征,梳理出4类观测点,分别测算出其物理拥挤度和心理拥挤度,探讨两者的关系以甄别中国国情下的旅游心理拥挤的关键性物理影响因子。得出结论:世界遗产地西湖的物理拥挤和心理拥挤的表征关系为一个近似的坐标轴的关系;遗产地西湖在拥挤管理上应实行分象限管理。中国情境下,世界遗产地西湖的游客心理拥挤的主要物理影响因素为景区面积和景区引导标识系统。

关键词: 物理拥挤, 心理拥挤, 世界遗产地, 西湖

Abstract:

West Lake, the world heritage, is regarded as one of the most crowded tourist destinations in China. There are four kinds of samples in this article as the research objects. By analyzing the differences of the landscape function and the time and spatial distribution features of the tourist flow of the main charging scenic spot during 2012-2015 in the world heritage, West Lake, the author calculates the physical and psychological crowding degree of the four samples to discuss the relationships between the physical and psychological crowding. And the psychological crowding degree is calculated as following: The first is to get the crowding perception by Likert scale, and then establish regression equation with the tourist number. The next is to obtain the most appropriate psychological capacity (if y=3). Finally, to calculate the psychological crowding according to the actual amount of tourists number. Furthermore, the author attempts to find the key physical factors that have caused the psychological crowding. The result showed that: 1) The characterization relationship between the two crowding appears as an axis. 2) To West Lake, the governors should take measures of the hierarchical management. The ecological threshold is the maximum value of the physical capacity of the scenic spots located in the first quadrant where both of the physical and psychological crowding degrees are high. And the early-warning mechanism should be constructed for the scenic spots that are in the second quadrant, in which the physical crowding degree is high while the psychological is relatively low. To the spots in the third quadrant that both of the two types of crowding are low, popularity is the necessity to attract more tourists to participate in tourism activities, and for the fourth quadrant which the psychological crowding degree is much higher than the physical one, managers should pay special attention to the tourism atmosphere. 3) Under the situation of the China, the main influencing factors of the physical ones which affect the psychological crowding are the area and the guide signs of world heritage, and the functional relationship is =1.025×area-0.032×tourists number+0.634×guiding signs-0.005×attraction+0.027×cost.

Key words: physical crowding, psychological crowding, world heritage, West Lake

中图分类号: 

  • F291.1