沿海生态地区空间均衡内涵界定与状态评估——以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以沿海生态地区黄河三角洲高效生态经济区为例,运用组合类型方法测度空间均衡状态,得出以下结论：① 黄河三角洲高效生态区开发强度呈现中部和东翼高、西翼低的空间格局,资源环境承载能力呈现由东翼向西翼递减的空间格局;② 开发不足型、均衡型、过度开发型区域并存,东翼多为均衡型区域,中部和西翼多为过度开发区域,西翼偏北地区多为开发不足区域;③ 区域本底条件、区域发展阶段、产业集聚状态、空间集约程度、管控制度设计、区际关系结构等是影响空间均衡的重要因素。

关键词: 人地协调, 沿海生态地区, 空间均衡, 黄河三角洲高效生态经济区

Abstract:

Resources and environment is the carrier and foundation of human social and economic development. The rapid economic growth of the world and China caused severe problems of resources and environment after World War Ⅱ. After decades of rapid growth in the world, especially since 1950s, due to the one-sided pursuit of economic growth, paying a huge price of environmental pollution and destruction, many global problems such as global climate change, land degradation, severe desertification, serious water shortages, natural disasters, environmental pollution, migration of chemical substances, biodiversity loss and other issues presented to the public, and the impact of human activities on the geographical environment gradually. The research of man-land relationships is the eternal theme and the core of geography research, and promoting the sustainable development of man-land system is a long-term task to participate in social practice of the geography. Because of the heterogeneity of the geographical conditions, it is difficult to realize regional club convergence. The difference between the development pattern of regional economy is an objective fact, with no expansion of space or even out of control, it often leads to low economic efficiency, so we need redefine and reflection space equalization connotation. When the regional development activities of society and economy corporate with the spatial resources and environmental supply abilities, it can be understood that the region is in the balancing statement. In case of the coastal ecosystems, the Yellow River delta efficient ecological economic zone, the results of combination and coordination model measuring the statement of space balance approach show that the space development intensity of the zone is high in the middle, low on the wings, and the carrying ability of resources and environment decreases from east to west. And the spatial patterns present the less-development type, most in the north of the west area, the balanced-development type, most in the east area, and the over-development-type, most in the central and west area. The results also show that regional background conditions, regional development stage, industrial agglomeration state and intensive degree, the designing of management system, interregional relationship structure are the important factors influencing the spatial balance. The study provide not only a typical case of space balance, but also a reference and guidance for the coordinate development of the relationship between people and land area of coastal ecosystems.

Key words: man-land coordination, coastal ecological regions, space balance, the Yellow River Delta efficient ecological economic zone

中图分类号:

F407.21

程钰, 任建兰, 侯纯光, 任梅. 沿海生态地区空间均衡内涵界定与状态评估——以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(1): 83-91.

Yu Cheng, Jianlan Ren, Chunguang Hou, Mei Ren. Meaning of Space Balance and Assessing the State of the Coastal Ecological Regions: A Case of the Yellow River Delta Efficient Ecological Economic Zone[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(1): 83-91.

图/表 9

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图2

表1

黄河三角洲高效生态区空间均衡评估指标体系"

系统层Ⅰ	子系统层Ⅱ	表达层分类	指标	判断标准	标准依据来源	权重
空间均衡评估指标体系	区域开发强度（RDI）	人口规模扩张（PEI）	人口密度	3 500.0人/km²	山东省城镇化发展纲要（2012~2020）	0.200
		人口规模扩张（PEI）	城镇化率	75.0%	山东省城镇化发展纲要（2012~2020）	0.150
		经济开发强度（HDI）	GDP密度	3 500.0万元/km²	山东省十二五发展规划纲要（2010~2015）	0.200
		经济开发强度（HDI）	非农化产业比率	75.0%	山东省十二五发展规划纲要（2010~2015）	0.150
		土地开发强度（LDI）	人均建设用地面积	260.0 m²/人	山东省土地利用总体规划（2006~2020）	0.175
		土地开发强度（LDI）	建设用地占土地总面积比例	30.0%	山东省土地利用总体规划（2006~2020）	0.125
	资源环境承载能力（RSA）	资源保障指数（RSI）	人均耕地面积	0.103 hm²/人	黄三角高效生态区资源环境承载力报告（2012）	0.065
			耕地有机质含量指数	12×10⁴m³/人	中国耕地质量等级调查与评定（2009）	0.085
			人均水资源可利用量	536.6 m³	黄三角高效生态区资源环境承载力报告（2012）	0.070
			水土资源匹配程度	0.3	生态山东建设规划纲要（2011~2020）	0.080
		环境承载指数（ECI）	大气环境承载指数	100	黄三角高效生态区生态规划（2010~2020）	0.100
			水环境承载指数	100	黄三角高效生态区资源环境承载力报告（2012）	0.100
			地均生态系统服务功能	2.5万元/hm²	生态山东建设规划纲要（2011~2020）	0.085
			单位GDP碳排放量	0.5 t/万元	国务院节能减排低碳发展行动方案（2014~2015）	0.065
		生态敏感指数（EII）	自然保护区面积占土地总面积比例	0.8%	黄三角高效生态区生态规划（2010~2020）	0.075
			沙化土地占土地总面积比例	0.2%	黄三角高效生态区生态规划（2010~2020）	0.065
			盐碱化土地占土地总面积比例	0.4%	黄三角高效生态区生态规划（2010~2020）	0.050
			森林覆盖率	25.0%	黄三角高效生态区生态规划（2010~2020）	0.085
			地质灾害高易发区土地占土地总面积比例	0.2%	黄三角高效生态区生态规划（2010~2020）	0.075

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图6

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组合类型	低资源环境承载能力	中等资源环境承载能力	高资源环境承载能力
低区域开发强度	低水平空间均衡类型	开发不足类型	开发不足类型
中等区域开发强度	过度开发类型	中等水平空间均衡类型	开发不足类型
高区域开发强度	过度开发类型	过度开发类型	高水平空间均衡类型

类型	面积比例（%）	GDP比例（%）	人口比例（%）	数量
开发不足型	19.66	10.91	8.08	3
低水平均衡型	21.90	9.64	11.23	3
中等水平均衡型	15.81	11.24	19.28	3
高水平均衡型	16.86	24.16	23.50	3
过度开发型	25.77	44.05	37.90	7