地理科学 ›› 2001, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 30-35.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2001.01.30

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

渭河流域3100年前资源退化与人地关系演变

黄春长   

  1. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 陕西 西安 710062
  • 收稿日期:2000-01-12 修回日期:2000-04-26 出版日期:2001-01-20 发布日期:2001-01-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(40071006);教育部骨干教师资助计划项目(2000第65号)。

The Deterioration of Land Resources and the Change in Human-Earth Relationships in the Weihe River Basin at 3100a B.P.

HUANG Chun-chang   

  1. College of Tourism and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062
  • Received:2000-01-12 Revised:2000-04-26 Online:2001-01-20 Published:2001-01-20

摘要: 渭河流域全新世古土壤S0与黄土L0之间的界限,是反映季风气候格局快速转变和土壤资源退化的标志。这个时期的气候干旱化和水土生物资源退化,促使流域上游游牧文化取代定居农业文化,从而造成土地利用方式的巨大变化。在历史上表现为游牧民族的南侵,迫使先周人从泾河中游黄土高原腹地向南迁移到关中盆地西部的周原,即“古公迁岐”。气候干旱化还造成河水断流、沙尘暴频繁发生、严重饥荒、社会动荡和商周之际朝代更替。这是我国北方半干旱区季风环境敏感带、人地关系演变史上的重要事件。通过综合分析黄土剖面土壤资源退化记录,和历史文献中水土生物资源退化的记录,结合已有的14C、TL测年数据和新公布的夏商周年表,确定渭河流域全新世古土壤S0与黄土L0之间的界限为14C年代(3030±80a B.P),历史纪年1150 B.C.,或者3100a B.P.。

Abstract: The boundary between palaeosol S0 and loess L0 represents the shift from a phase with strong pedological process to a period of accelerated eolian dust deposition in the Weihe River Basin between the middle and late Holocene.This was caused by an abrupt climatic change from the period dominated by southeastern monsoon to the period dominated by northwestern monsoon.Because of this change, soils have been deteriorated in their fertility, droughts, dust storms, river desiccation and water shortage have been frequent.These affected the nomadism upper and middle reaches, and arable farming of the Predynastic Zhou in the Weihe River Basin.Land-use was, therefore, shifted from arable farming to nomadism in the upper and middle reaches of the basin.Due to the southern migration of the nomadism, the people of the predynastic Zhou of arable farming community was forced to move south to the Guanzhong Basin, and established their capital city "Qiyi" on the Zhouyuan loess tableland.The deterioration of land resouces also caused famine and social instability, and later, the clapse of the Shang Dynasty in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.Due to technical reasons, the S0/L0 boundary has not been precisely dated by 14C or TL dating methods.Each author takes a different age between 3500-2500 a B.P.for the S0/L0 boundary and the abrupt monsoonal climatic change represented.Through stratigraphic studies, with consideration of the dates acquired from the palaeosol and the cultural remains around the S0/L0 boundary in the loess profiles, and the historical events and the newly published historical timetable of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, it is concluded that the S0/L0 boundary and the monsoonal change represented could be dated to calendar year 1150 B.C.( 3100 a B.P.) or 14C dating 3030?80 a B.P..This would facilitate the higher resolution studies of the environmental change and the evolution of the human-environment relationship in the Weihe River Basin.It should be noted that there was a period with increased terrestrial dust deposition in the Greenland ice between calendar year 3100 and 2400 a B.P..The change in the atmospheric circulation recorded in Greenland ice could have certain connections with the abrupt monsoonal climatic shift recorded by the S0/L0 boundary in the Weihe River Basin which occupies the southern part of the Loess Plateau.

中图分类号: 

  • P532