地理科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 942-948.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.08.942

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福特-后福特二元生产系统下的企业创新行为——以珠江三角洲电子产业为例

符文颖   

  1. 华南师范大学地理科学学院,广东 广州 510631
  • 收稿日期:2013-01-02 修回日期:2013-02-04 出版日期:2013-08-20 发布日期:2013-08-20
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:符文颖(1984-),女,海南海口人,讲师,主要从事产业集群和区域创新研究。E-mail:ferlicity31@163.com

    基于以上的理论探讨,本文选取在快速发展的环太平洋的西部沿岸地区中崛起的一个重要的大都市区域——珠江三角洲为研究对象,以其主导产业——电子生产企业层面的数据为基础,探讨这一类型区域创新系统的创新机制。企业层面的分析数据主要来源于在2007年下半年完成的珠三角地区电子企业问卷调查。问卷调查共花费了3个月的时间,采取随机抽样的方法,以电话联系和邮寄问卷的方式向在珠江三角洲内生产的电子企业发放了400份,回收问卷222份,回收率达55%。通过卡方检验分析企业在样本和整体中的规模分布[6],发现其在统计学上没有显著的差异(P=0.937),可见样本对广东省的电子企业而言具有一定的代表性。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省自然科学基金项目(S2012040006625)资助

Firm Innovation Behavior Under the Fordism-post Fordism Dual Production System: A Case Study of Electronics Industry in the Zhujiang River Delta

Wen-ying FU   

  1. School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
  • Received:2013-01-02 Revised:2013-02-04 Online:2013-08-20 Published:2013-08-20

摘要:

以珠江三角洲电子企业问卷调查的数据为基础,考察珠江三角洲的电子产业集群在生产系统、劳动力市场、融资体系、创新系统以及商务模式5个方面的特征,指出珠江三角洲的电子企业在社会资本基础上发展 呈灵活化外包的生产组织模式,但整个集群的劳动力市场、融资体系和创新系统都表现出福特式的封闭内向化特征,是典型的福特-后福特二元生产系统。建立创新行为的二元选择模型,分析了企业规模、R&D投入、CEO背景、员工流动率以及城市化经济对促进企业创新的作用,并有效区分了这些因素在不同创新类型(产品创新、流程创新、组织创新和营销创新)的影响。结果表明,由于创新活动仍然保持福特式的内部化特征,大中型企业和R&D投入是区域创新的主要驱动因素。同时,城市化集聚经济反而对产品创新和营销创新产生负效应,地方化集聚经济主要通过劳动力流动促进产品创新。

关键词: 企业创新, 福特-后福特, 二元选择模型, 珠江三角洲

Abstract:

With the advent of knowledge economy, innovation has become the key element in growth and development. Ample literature in regional innovation system suggests that firm network under the support of knowledge-related institution underlies the success of clusters. In the innovation studies, firm-level innovation strategies and behaviors are among the most important aspects in investigating the regional innovation prospect. Unlike the mechanic comparison between regional innovation systems among places, this article begs the question of what constitutes the innovation drives for the clustering firms in the Zhujiang River Delta, China, where the Fordist production sector relocated by multi-national corporations is intricately intertwined with post-Fordist mode of flexible production among small and medium sized supplier firms. Based on a random-sampled electronics firm questionnaire survey in the Zhujiang River Delta, this article begins by analyzing the Fordist-post Fordist way of production system in terms of production network, labor market, financial system, innovation system and business mode in the Zhujiang River Delta, concluding a close-oriented Fordist character in labor market, financial system and innovation system with relatively flexible way of production and business relations under the support of social capital. The study further investigates the innovation mechanism within this context of production system by building a probit model. In the model, the effect of firm scale, R&D investment, CEO background, staff turnover rate and urbanization economies on firm innovation have been examined. Moreover, the model succeeds in differentiating the effect of these factors between four types of innovation, i.e. product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation and market innovation. The results show that while the production relations among the firms has become more vertically fragmented and flexible, innovation activities still keep the Fordist “in-house” characteristic, for which the firms with bigger market share act as the primary actor of product innovation and organizational innovation in the region. Meanwhile, R&D investment in the firms plays a more important role in promoting innovation, especially in product innovation and process innovation, than urbanization economies. The results show that interactive learning dynamic mechanism of clusters has not been developed based on the post-Fordist flexible production organization of small and medium-sized firms in the Zhujiang River Delta, which might be closely related to the insufficient intensity of internal innovation activities as well as low absorptive capacity for the electronics firms. The findings provide precious evidence on innovation mechanism in the pre-crisis period in the Zhujiang River Delta. From an evolutionary perspective, the evolutionary path in the future is contingent upon the previous cluster structure and trait, and hints on upgrading and restructuring path of electronics industrial cluster can be illuminated on the basis of understanding on former structure and mechanism. Finally, the article points out studies on different types of electronics industrial clusters in the Zhujiang River Delta should be investigated deeper with insight into divergent governance mode and the respective evolutionary logic. Moreover, qualitative interviews with anchor firms should be carried out to explore the role of strategic re-orientation of anchor firms on the turnaround of market and technology in the cluster.

Key words: firm-level innovation, Fordism-post Fordism, probit model, the Zhujiang River Delta

中图分类号: 

  • K902