那什那泡沉积物氮磷有机质污染特征及评价

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.012.1531

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2010年7月在那什那泡采集柱状沉积物样品测定了那什那泡沉积岩芯总氮、总磷以及有机质等指标的含量分析了TN、TP、OM、TOC/TN的垂直分布特征。研究结果表明：NSN中TN含量变化范围为1,156~4,191mg/kg平均为2,891mg/kg;TP含量变化范围为358~509mg/kg平均值为442mg/kg;OM含量变化范围为1.29%~3.64%平均值为2.03%。沉积物中OM含量变化幅度不大TN和TP波动明显但三者含量从底层至表层大体上都呈上升趋势。TOC/TN为2.50~7.94平均值为4.35沉积物中有机质主要来自湖泊内源的水生生物、浮游动植物和藻类。通过有机指数与有机氮指标评价表明那什那泡2001~2009年存在有机污染;从有机氮指标来看所采的柱状沉积物在整个沉积过程中有机氮含量都很高那什那泡存在有机氮污染。

关键词: 那什那泡, 沉积物, 氮, 磷, 有机质, 污染历史

Abstract:

Associated with agricultural growth, industrial development, as well as urban population growth in the Nashina Lake region, pollutants from agricultural, industrial and domestic activities have led to the deterioration of water quality. Nashina Lake is in the center of the Lianhuan Lake, an important natural resource protection zone with a geographical area approximately 533 km². In order to reveal the evolution process of eutrophication of the Nashina Lake, sediment core samples were collected from the lake using a gravity sampler in July 2010. Contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matters (OM) of the sediments samples were determined and the vertical distribution characteristics of TN, TP, OM, and TOC/TN were analyzed. The results show that: TN concentrations in the sediments were ranged from 1 156 mg/kg to 4 191 mg/kg, with an average of 2 891 mg/kg. The TP concentrations in the sediments were ranged from 358 mg/kg to 509 mg/kg, with an average of 442 mg/kg. The concentrations of OM in the sediments were ranged from 1.29% to 3.64%, with an average of 2.03%. Comparatively, the concentrations of OM hada lower variation level, while those of TN and TP fluctuated significantly. The concentrations of TN, TP, and OM generally showed an ascendant trend, especially in1999 -2009. The TOC/TN ratios in the lake sediments were ranged from 2.50 to 7.94, with an average of 4.35. Analysis of results also indicates that the OM and nutrients were derived from aquatic plants, zooplankton, and phytoplankton and alga. Based on the examinations of organic indices, we also found that the impacts of human activities were insignificant from 1831 to 1999, as the lake was continuously in the natural state, with organic matters mainly authigenicand the water belonging to the less clean category. With the rapid economic development from 1999 to 2009, associated with the intensified activities of agricultural, fisheries, animal husbandry and tourism, higher levels of feed and animal manure resulted in higher levels of OM and TN contents. As a result, the organic indices were much higher in 1999-2009. Finally, the organic nitrogen indices were very high for the whole period, indicating the high risk of organic pollution.

Key words: Nashina Lake, sediments, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matters, pollution characteristics

中图分类号:

X832

李苗, 臧淑英, 张策, 肖海丰. 那什那泡沉积物氮磷有机质污染特征及评价[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(12): 1531-1536.

Miao LI, Shu-ying ZANG, Ce ZHANG, Hai-feng XIAO. Examining the Vertical Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Levels of Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, and Organic Matters in the Sediments of Nashina Lake[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(12): 1531-1536.

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有机指数	<0.05	[0.05,0.2)	[0.2,0.5)	≥0.5
类型	清洁	较清洁	尚清洁	有机污染
等级	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ

有机氮(%)	<0.0033%	[0.00339%,0.066%)	[0.066%,0.133%)	≥0.133%
类型	清洁	较清洁	尚清洁	有机氮污染
等级	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ

深度(cm)	年代(年)	有机指数		有机氮指数
深度(cm)	年代(年)	类型	等级	类型	等级
0.5~5.5	2009~2001	有机污染	Ⅳ	有机氮污染	Ⅳ
6.5~16.5	1999~1970	尚清洁	Ⅲ	有机氮污染	Ⅳ
17.5~17.5	1967~1967	尚清洁	Ⅲ	尚清洁	Ⅲ
18.5~28.5	1964~1831	尚清洁	Ⅲ	有机氮污染	Ⅳ