文化景观对建构地方集体记忆的影响——以徽州呈坎古村为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以对黄山市徽州区呈坎古村居民和游客的问卷调查和半结构式访谈为基础,综合运用独立样本t检验和ArcGIS空间分析等方法,分析了文化景观在地方集体记忆建构中的作用。结果显示,无论居民或游客,都对呈坎古村的宗族文化和风水文化形成了集体记忆,而罗东舒祠和水口园林等文化景观则在建构地方集体记忆中发挥了重要作用。但由于与景观接触的方式不同,居民比游客更重视景观的真实性,相对排斥重建和新建的景观,也较少受到导游词的影响;而游客则对景观的真实性不敏感,文化景观和导游解说都可能影响游客的地方记忆。因此,为更好引导对古村落的集体记忆的建构,不仅要重视保护传统文化景观,更要在景观重建或新建过程中尊重居民的建议,争取在居民的传统意识和游客的旅游想象中实现平衡。

关键词: 地方, 集体记忆, 文化景观, 徽州文化, 呈坎

Abstract:

Based on theoretical research on collective memory and field investigation in Chengkan Village in Huizhou District of Huangshan City, this article intends to discuss how cultural landscape works in constructing collective memory, comprehensively using ArcGIS spatial analysis, independent sample t test and other methods. It shows that both residents and tourists have formed collective memory of clan culture and Chinese geomantic culture in Chengkan ancient village. And local cultural landscapes like Luo Dongshu shrine and Water Gap Garden play significant positive effects in constructing local collective memory. However, since the residents and visitors contact with the local landscapes in different ways, residents care more about the authenticity of landscapes than tourists, relatively reject the rebuilt and newly-built cultural landscapes and take little care of tour guide presentation. On the contrary, both cultural landscapes and tour guide presentation can affect the construction of tourists’ local memory. Therefore, to optimize the construction of local collective memory of historic villages, not only the traditional local cultural landscapes should be protected, the suggestion of the residents should also be attached importance in the process of rebuilding cultural landscapes or building new ones, which may be important for achieving the balance between the residents’ traditional idea and tourists’ imagination.

Key words: place, collective memory, cultural landscape, Huizhou Culture, Chengkan

中图分类号:

K901.6

孔翔, 卓方勇. 文化景观对建构地方集体记忆的影响——以徽州呈坎古村为例[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(1): 110-117.

Xiang Kong, Fangyong Zhuo. Roles of Cultural Landscapes in the Construction of Local Collective Memory: A Case Study of Chengkan Village[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(1): 110-117.

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相关的陈述	居民			游客
相关的陈述	均值		标准差	均值	标准差
1.呈坎村的风水文化给我留下了非常深刻的印象	3.55	1.18		4.11	1.05
2.呈坎村的宗族文化给我留下了非常深刻的印象	3.82	1.04		3.97	0.81
3.罗东舒祠和水口园林等传统景观让我对呈坎村的地方特色有深刻的记忆	4.01	0.89		4.24	0.88
4.水口园林是我对呈坎村的风水文化印象最深的地方	3.2	1.34		3.83	1.04
5.易经博物馆是我对呈坎村的风水文化印象最深刻的地方	3.06	1.3		3.72	1.06
6.罗东舒祠是我对呈坎村的宗族文化印象最深刻的地方	4.07	1.05		4.06	0.91
7.亲自和景观的近距离接触,远比看书、听介绍让我对呈坎村印象深刻	4.06	0.97		4.28	0.85
8.导游对呈坎村的介绍让我感觉呈坎村宗族文化繁盛	4.06	0.97		4.28	0.85
9.导游的讲解使我对呈坎的风水文化有了深刻的了解	3.15	1.26		3.85	1.00
10.即使导游对罗东舒祠违制的讲解是假的,我也对呈坎的宗族文化记忆深刻	3.11	1.28		3.94	1.06
11.如果罗东舒祠违例的故事是假的,那么呈坎的宗族文化就没有特点了	3.65	1.01		3.85	1.04
12.呈坎村的水口园林蕴含丰富的风水思想,我并不在乎它是否为历史遗迹	3.13	1.25		3.61	1.13
13.即使导游所说的水口园林建设规划并不真实,我也对风水文化印象深刻	3.35	1.12		3.89	0.97
14.没有了罗东舒祠和水口园林等特色景观,呈坎村就很难传承特色文化	3.2	1.08		3.87	1.14
15.罗东舒祠等老房子非常有利于人们保留对呈坎村的美好记忆	4.12	1.11		4.08	0.91

相关陈述	原假设	F检验	显著性	t值	自由度	Sig（双侧）
“宗族文化”留下非常深刻的印象	假设方差相等	14.84	0.00	1.10	190	0.27
“宗族文化”留下非常深刻的印象	假设方差不相等	/	/	1.11	183.86	0.27
“风水文化”留下非常深刻的印象	假设方差相等	3.37	0.07	-3.48	190	0.20
“风水文化”留下非常深刻的印象	假设方差不相等	/	/	-3.50	189.40	0.20