中国区域知识资本时空差异及影响因素分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以区域创新系统能力表征区域知识资本,对其不均衡地理演变及影响因素的分析表明：① 创新综合能力年际变异程度由东向西逐渐递减,东部与中西地区创新综合能力差异持续扩大。② 区域创新综合能力总体呈现东部沿海创新带、中部内陆创新片区及西部普遍低下的梯度式空间分布格局。③ 劳动力集中指数、人均资本形成额、经济民营化程度、基础设施水平及对外开放度是影响创新能力空间分异的主要驱动因素,而财政支出占比影响较小;各变量对创新综合能力影响的空间异质效应明显,对东中地区往往具有积极的促进作用,对西部地区多呈负向影响,强化了创新综合能力“东高西低”的分异特征。

关键词: 知识资本, 创新综合能力, 中国

Abstract:

The ability of regional innovation is the most important part of the regional knowledge capital. This article characterizes knowledge capital with the capacity of the innovative system, and analyzes the unequal geographical evolution of regional knowledge capital and its influencing factors. The results show that: 1) The regional unequal development of innovation comprehensive ability between East and Central East and West China continue to expand from 1998 to 2014, and the differences between East and West are relatively greater than those in eastern and central regions. 2) The degree of interannual variability of the comprehensive ability of regional innovation decreases gradually from East to West, and the comprehensive ability of innovation shows gradient spatial distribution pattern along the eastern coastal innovation belt, central inland innovation zone and the western region. 3) The labor force concentration index, per capital capital formation, the degree of economic privatization, the level of infrastructure and the degree of openness are main driving forces of the spatial heterogeneity of the level of comprehensive innovation; The overall impact of fiscal expenditure is smaller. The spatial heterogeneity effect of all variables on innovation comprehensive ability is evident, which often plays a positive role in promoting the central and eastern regions, but mostly with the negative impact on the western region. Thus, it strengthens the differentiation characteristics of the formation of the innovation comprehensive ability of ‘high in the east and low in the west’.

Key words: knowledge capital, comprehensive innovative ability, China

中图分类号:

F124.3

李在军,胡美娟,尹上岗,周年兴. 中国区域知识资本时空差异及影响因素分析[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(1): 80-88.

Zaijun Li,Meijuan Hu,Shanggang Yin,Nianxing Zhou. Spatio-temporal Variation and Influencing Factors of Knowledge Capital in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(1): 80-88.

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目标层	要素层	指标层	权重
科技创新综合能力	科技创新投入能力	R&D人员全时当量[（人·a）/万人]	0.2259
		R&D经费投入强度	0.1606
		科技支出占GDP的比重（%）	0.1196
		教育支出占GDP的比重（%）	0.0908
		研发机构科技活动课题数（个）	0.1850
		国家产业化计划项目数（个）	0.2180
	科技创新产出能力	专利申请授权数（件）	0.1997
		技术市场成交额占GDP比重（%）	0.2311
		国外主要检索工具收录中国科技论文数（篇）	0.1429
		高科技产业新产品开发项目数（个）	0.1539
		新产品产值占工业总产值比重（%）	0.0630
		高技术产业总产值占GDP比重（%）	0.2095
	科技创新支撑能力	高等学校在校学生数（人）	0.1505
		高等学校专任教师数量（人）	0.1355
		每万人在校大学生数（人）	0.1322
		高新技术产业企业数（个）	0.2329
		R&D新增设备仪器价值占比（%）	0.1063
		基础研究人员人均经费[万元/(人·a)]	0.1265
		研究机构和高等院校数（个）	0.1160
	科技创新扩散能力	技术市场技术流向地域金额（万元）	0.1368
		国外技术引进合同金额（万元）	0.1795
		技术引进、消化吸收及改造经费（万元）	0.1494
		高技术产业购买国内技术费（万元）	0.1774
		当年实际使用外资金额（万美元）	0.1362
		高技术产品出口销售收入（万元）	0.2207

变量	描述	标准差	均值	最小值	最大值
劳动力集中指数（x1）	全国平均劳动生产率/地区劳动生产率	1.31	0.61	0.15	3.48
人力资本水平（x2）	从业人员平均受教育年限（a）	8.57	1.49	2.08	13.44
资本形成水平（x3）	人均资本形成总额（元）	13062.38	12221	826.25	79264.34
基础设施水平（x4）	人均交通设施能力（km/万人）	1.63	6.35	3.46	18.48
对外开放度（x5）	进出口总额占GDP比重（%）	30.13	29.88	1.25	45.32
产业结构变动（x6）	非农产业占GDP比重（%）	86.02	8.01	6.91	99.51
民营化程度（x7）	非国有单位从业人数/社会总就业人数	7.38	7.66	0.25	47.41
政府支撑（x8）	地方财政支出占GDP比重（%）	16.14	18.44	2.84	129.14

分位点	截距项	x1	x2	x3	x4	x5	x6	x7	x8
0.1	-1.520	0.576^**	0.809	0.284^***	0.211^**	0.182^**	-0.743	0.394^***	-0.022
0.2	-2.023	0.517^**	0.708	0.340^***	0.216^**	0.183^**	-0.673	0.347^**	-0.004
0.3	-2.092	0.524^**	0.667	0.363^***	0.222^**	0.188^**	-0.664	0.312^**	-0.001
0.4	-2.276	0.478^*	0.683	0.365^***	0.234^***	0.189^***	-0.612	0.289^*	0.002
0.5	-2.254	0.492^*	0.633	0.377^***	0.245^***	0.191^***	-0.602	0.276^*	0.006
0.6	-2.446	0.479^*	0.573	0.399^***	0.242^***	0.182^**	-0.569	0.281^*	0.019
0.7	-2.312	0.471^*	0.475	0.402^***	0.248^***	0.187^***	-0.549	0.281^*	0.021
0.8	-1.700	0.513^*	0.082	0.421^***	0.247^***	0.192^***	-0.551	0.357^**	0.030
0.9	-1.804	0.325	-0.206	0.443^***	0.272^***	0.176^**	-0.371	0.291^*	0.045