边界管控中的跨境社会建构：深圳中英街的案例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.07.005

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 1072-1081.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.07.005

边界管控中的跨境社会建构：深圳中英街的案例

吴寅姗¹,刘云刚²(),周雯婷³

^1. 中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东广州 510275
^2. 华南师范大学地理科学学院,广东广州 510631
^3. 广州大学旅游学院（中法旅游学院）,广东广州 510006

收稿日期:2018-11-18 修回日期:2019-01-21 出版日期:2019-07-10 发布日期:2019-07-10
通讯作者: 刘云刚 E-mail:ygliu@scnu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴寅姗（1994-）,女,广东揭阳人,硕士,研究方向为政治地理学、社会文化地理学。E-mail: yinshan_wu@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目资助(41571130);国家自然科学基金项目资助(41271165)

Construction of Transbodering Social Community Beyond the Border Control System of Hong Kong-Shenzhen: A Case Study of Chung Ying Street

Wu Yinshan¹,Liu Yungang²(),Zhou Wenting³

^1. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
^2. School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China
^3. School of Tourism (Sino-French College of Tourist) Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China

Received:2018-11-18 Revised:2019-01-21 Online:2019-07-10 Published:2019-07-10
Contact: Liu Yungang E-mail:ygliu@scnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571130);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271165)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在社会建构视角下,边界并非固化的界线,各种社会力量亦在持续塑造着边界的功能与特性。采用深度访谈、实地调查和文本分析研究方法,从社会建构的视角,探讨了不同主体基于日常跨境实践对中英街边界的社会建构,以及在此基础上的边境空间管控应对策略。结果发现,在20世纪80年代改革开放背景下,中英街的边贸旅游经济发展为居民参与跨境小额贸易提供了契机,中英街居民的身份与水客的身份由此实现了高度的融合;而在20世纪90年代内地实行市场经济及香港回归的背景下,中英街边贸旅游经济衰落,中英街地区居民的身份与水客的身份逐渐分离。在此过程中,各主体响应边界管控政策变化,塑造了不同的边界生活空间。未来边界管控政策的制定与实施,需要以理解边界空间的历史和现状为前提。

关键词: 边界建构, 边境, 社会建构, 边界管控, 中英街

Abstract:

From a social constructionist perspective, borders should not be simply stabilized into fixed lines. Instead, borders are socially constructed. The functions, meanings and features of borders can be continuously (re)constructed through the interactions between political authorities and social subjects. Besides, social subjects are far from a unitary and homogenous group. People of different social identities have accorded abundant and unique meanings to borders. After reform and opening up, the tourism commercialization process of Chung Ying Street between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China, occupies important positions in the daily border-crossing practices of different social subjects in Chung Ying Street area. Drawing on in-depth interviews, participant observation and textual analysis, this paper chooses the case of Chung Ying Street area. Based on the theoretical insights of social construction, this paper explores both the complex interactions between different social subjects during their everyday border-crossing practices and the control mechanism of the border space. This paper finds out that under the context of institutional transition and social transformation in the 1980s, the tourism commercialization process of Chung Ying Street offered extra chances for residents to participate in cross-border small-scale trading. In this way, the identities of both residents and cross-border small-scale traders in Chung Ying Street were highly integrated. Reasons for such a high degree of syncretism can be summarized as follows: on the one hand, the identity change from residents to formal traders was stopped by interference. On the other hand, it was a simple and practical approach for the residents to become small-scale traders. Furthermore, with a background of the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong as well as the set-up of market economy system in the mainland during 1990s, the declining economy of Chung Ying Street precipitated the separate identity of residents and small-scale traders. However, the latter were still able to take advantage of the residents’ cross-border passes to conduct informal economic practices. To sum up, the innovative contributions of this paper lie in two aspects. On the theoretical level, this paper suggests that the identity integration and separation of social subjects implies their agency in response to the changes of border landscapes. During such responses, each individual tends to make every possible use of the border rights embedded in the ‘potential disparity structure’ of identity. The utilization of identity discrepancy becomes a common character shared by different social subjects. On the empirical level, this paper points out that the enactment and implementation of Hong Kong-Shenzhen border control policy should be premised on the understanding of the status quo and evolution process of the ‘potential disparity structure’ of identity in the border space.

Key words: border construction, borderland, social construction, border control, Chung Ying Street area

中图分类号:

K901.4

吴寅姗,刘云刚,周雯婷. 边界管控中的跨境社会建构：深圳中英街的案例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(7): 1072-1081.

Wu Yinshan,Liu Yungang,Zhou Wenting. Construction of Transbodering Social Community Beyond the Border Control System of Hong Kong-Shenzhen: A Case Study of Chung Ying Street[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(7): 1072-1081.

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访谈对象		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27
职业	行政人员	√	√	√	√	√	√
	务工人员							√	√	√	√	√	√
	水客												√	√	√	√	√	√
	职业托																		√	√
	游客																				√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
证件	黄证	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
证件	蓝证																				√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
户籍	中英街户籍		√	√
	香港户籍										√
	非中英街户籍	√			√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
活动范围	香港										√
	香港沙头角墟		√	√							√
	中英街地区	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
	深圳	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√

发展阶段经济状态		经营模式	具体表现
20世纪80年代初期	繁荣	日用生活品经营为主	购物品以服装、食品等生活日用品为主。日平均入关游客数达3~4万人,最多曾达10万人挤在长仅268 m的窄巷上
20世纪80年代中后期		黄金等金银首饰经营为主	由于金饰时尚潮流的发展,以及计划经济时期香港与内地的巨大金价差,中英街转入黄金销售旺盛期,每月的黄金交易量最高可达4亿港元
20世纪90年代中前期		多种商品的混合经营	内地开始实行市场经济,中英街的“黄金热”逐步减弱,经营模式转为多种商品的混合经营。中英街店铺多达200多间,日营业额最多可达400万元人民币
20世纪90年代末期	衰落	日用品、化妆品等零售业为主	中英街的边贸旅游经济开始走向低落。在1997年香港回归以及内地改革开放不断深入的背景下,中英街逐渐失去了原有的商业优势

边界管控中的跨境社会建构：深圳中英街的案例

Construction of Transbodering Social Community Beyond the Border Control System of Hong Kong-Shenzhen: A Case Study of Chung Ying Street

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