基于社区理论大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化问题分析——以长春市兴华园社区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.10.002

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 1537-1545.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.10.002

基于社区理论大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化问题分析——以长春市兴华园社区为例

佟伟铭¹, 张平宇^2,³(), 何欢⁴

^1. 浙江工业大学经济学院, 浙江杭州 310023
^2. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春 130102
^3. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049
^4. 沈阳建筑大学国际学院,辽宁沈阳 110168

收稿日期:2018-09-15 修回日期:2018-11-25 出版日期:2019-10-10 发布日期:2019-10-10
通讯作者: 张平宇 E-mail:zhangpy@iga.ac.cn
作者简介:佟伟铭(1987-),女,吉林长春人,博士,讲师,主要从事乡村转型发展与居民时空行为研究。E-mail:tongweiming@zjut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41901202);国家自然科学基金项目(41571152);国家自然科学基金项目(41771179);国家自然科学基金项目(41601124);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所“一三五”规划与特色所服务项目(Y6H2091001);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所“一三五”规划与特色所服务项目(IGA-135-04);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDBS-SSW-SQC);国家社会科学重大项目(18ZDA045);浙江工业大学人文社科预研基金、杭州市哲学社会科学规划课题(Z19JC050);浙江省高校重大人文社科攻关计划项目(2018QN027)

Urbanization Issues of Landless Farmers’ Community in the Suburban of Metropolis Based on Community Theory: A Case Study of Xinghuayuan Community in Changchun

Tong Weiming¹, Zhang Pingyu^2,³(), He Huan⁴

^1. School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
^2. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, Jilin, China
^3. College of Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^4. International School,Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, Liaoning,China

Received:2018-09-15 Revised:2018-11-25 Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-10-10
Contact: Zhang Pingyu E-mail:zhangpy@iga.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901202);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571152);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771179);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601124);135 Planning and Featured Services Projects of IGA, Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y6H2091001);135 Planning and Featured Services Projects of IGA, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IGA-135-04);The Key Deployment Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-SSW-SQC);National Social Major Science Foundation of China(18ZDA045);Zhejiang University of Technology Humanities and Social Sciences Pre-Research, Hangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(Z19JC050);Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of Universities in Zhejiang Province(2018QN027)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于长春市兴华园社区典型案例,利用社区理论揭示了大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化机制与影响。结果表明土地征用体制下以农村社区为载体实现了快速城镇化,实现了乡村社会和经济空间重构,乡村生产空间和生活空间的优化和重组,地域空间并入城市发展范畴,城镇化进程加快,主要表现为城市景观和设施的推进,农民市民化进程加快,包括就业非农化与生活方式市民化等,但存在社会保障和补偿机制不健全,失地农民生活满意度低,社会认同感缺失等问题。

关键词: 郊区, 农民社区, 失地农民, 城镇化, 社区理论

Abstract:

Land acquisition in the process of rapid urbanization has changed the pattern of rural land use and distribution in the suburban areas of cities. Rural communities of landless farmers are taken as an effective way to achieve rapid urbanization and rural transformation. The main characteristics of rural communities of landless farmers are the transformation of the suburban land use mode and the transformation of settlements from the rural settlement to the rural community during the urban expansion dominated by the government. Based on a typical case of the Xinghuayuan community in Changchun, China, this article reveals the urbanization mechanism of rural communities and the impact of rural communities on landless farmers. The results show that the rural communities under the system of land acquisition have achieved the optimization and reorganization of rural social and economic space, the production and living space in rural areas, and the integration of geographical space into urban development. During this process, the rural industry is integrated with the city, the employment of the residents shifts to non-agricultural sections, the lifestyle of landless framers experience huge changes which is close to urban residents, and the process of landless farmers’ citizenization is accelerated. The process of urbanization is accelerating, mainly manifested in the promotion of urban landscape and facilities, the acceleration of farmer citizenization, including the non-agriculturalization of employment and the popularization of urban lifestyles, etc. However, the social security and compensation mechanisms are not perfect, leading to low life satisfaction and the sense of social identity is missing. The long-term dual structure of urban and rural areas in China is the key to solve the problem of landless farmers. In order to better help landless farmers to integrate into the community life and increase to the life satisfaction as soon as possible, the status transformation of landless farmers is currently the primary problem. The government should actively carry out the urban household registration for landless farmers, and establish an effective social security mechanism to make the landless farmers to enjoy the same level of social security as urban residents in terms of employment, medicine, schooling, and residence.

Key words: suburbs, rural communities, landless farmers, urbanization, community theory

中图分类号:

F129.9

佟伟铭, 张平宇, 何欢. 基于社区理论大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化问题分析——以长春市兴华园社区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(10): 1537-1545.

Tong Weiming, Zhang Pingyu, He Huan. Urbanization Issues of Landless Farmers’ Community in the Suburban of Metropolis Based on Community Theory: A Case Study of Xinghuayuan Community in Changchun[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(10): 1537-1545.

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	兴华村	隆西村	金钱村
年龄
18~30岁	7.77	4.35	7.55
30~50岁	44.04	52.17	39.62
50~60岁	24.09	21.74	37.74
>60岁	24.09	21.74	15.09
受教育程度
初中及以下	93.78	95.65	98.11
高中	5.18	4.35	0
大学及以上	1.04	0	1.89
居民年收入
<10000元	30.83	19.57	24.53
10000~20000元	20.98	39.13	18.87
20000~30000元	30.83	32.61	35.85
>30000元	17.36	8.70	20.75
边缘群体比例	16.58	13.04	7.55

指标	兴华村	隆西村	金钱村
住房条件	2.7803	2.7857	2.9245
居住环境	2.8439	2.8095	2.9057
交通	2.9195	2.8913	2.6415
邻里关系	2.0317	2.0667	2.0769
教育水平	1.6319	1.6889	1.0385
医疗水平	1.7974	1.8000	1.8679
治安	1.5887	1.9318	1.3654

	18~30岁	30~50岁	50~60岁	>60岁		18~30岁	30~50岁	50~60岁	>60岁
失地前就业					收入变化
只种地	8.33	15.02	45.9	63.06	收入增加	8.33	16.28	6.50	3.60
种地打零工	80.56	78.40	50.00	30.63	收入不变	58.33	43.26	31.71	20.72
种地个体	5.56	2.82	2.46	2.70	收入减少	33.33	40.47	61.79	75.68
种地企业	5.56	3.76	1.64	3.60	就业难易程度
失地后就业					难	83.33	84.65	88.62	63.96
打零工	80.56	82.71	63.64	27.93	一般	8.33	5.12	1.63	7.21
个体	8.33	6.07	3.31	2.70	不难	0	2.33	0.81	2.70
企业	8.33	5.61	7.44	2.70	没影响	8.33	7.91	8.94	26.13
全无业	2.78	5.61	25.62	66.67	样本数量	36	215	123	111

	18~30岁	30~50岁	50~60岁	>60岁
失地农民社区生活满意度
满意	19.44	4.65	13.82	11.71
一般	5.56	20.93	22.76	39.64
不满意	75.00	74.42	63.41	48.65
失地农民社区生活适应度
是	30.56	18.60	22.76	22.52
一般	19.44	17.21	26.02	26.13
否	50.00	64.19	51.22	51.35
城市居民身份认可度
是	0	7.44	9.76	10.81
一般	5.56	2.33	1.63	1.80
否	91.67	89.30	86.18	79.28
不知道	2.78	0.93	2.44	8.11
样本数量	36	215	123	111

基于社区理论大城市郊区化过程中失地农民社区的城镇化问题分析——以长春市兴华园社区为例

Urbanization Issues of Landless Farmers’ Community in the Suburban of Metropolis Based on Community Theory: A Case Study of Xinghuayuan Community in Changchun

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