多空间尺度下知识溢出对中国研发活动效率的影响

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在多空间尺度下的知识溢出机制框架基础上，将研发过程分解为知识创造和知识商业化2个阶段，建立空间计量模型考察不同空间尺度下的知识溢出对中国省际研发活动效率的影响。整体上，中国研发活动效率呈逐年提升趋势，但区域差异显著，呈现“东高、中快、西低”的发展态势；各阶段效率具有空间异质性，沿海地区知识创造效率高、知识商业化效率低，而西部地区的情况则相反。从空间特征来看，中国整体研发活动效率呈现显著的空间集聚性。区际知识溢出对中国研发活动效率产生显著的正向影响；区域内研发活动各阶段间的知识溢出仅发生在区域内部而不是区域之间；国际知识溢出对研发活动效率的影响却不显著。

关键词: 知识溢出, 多空间尺度, 研发活动效率, 空间计量模型

Abstract:

Knowledge spillover is an important mechanism to improve the R&D efficiency. Based on the theoretical analysis, a multi spatial framework of knowledge spillover mechanism is constructed, and a spatial econometric model is established based on the panel data of 30 provinces in mainland China from 2009 to 2017. The impact of knowledge spillover in different spatial scales on the R&D efficiency is investigated. We find that two-stage chain R&D activities in China show the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence. The knowledge creation efficiency in coastal areas is relatively high, and the knowledge commercialization efficiency is relatively low, while the western region presents the opposite characteristics. In addition, interregional knowledge spillover has a significant positive impact on the overall R&D efficiency, and the overall R&D efficiency in the region is affected by the R&D externalities in neighboring areas. Finally, with respect to R&D value chain effects, we find that R&D value chain spillovers took place intra-regionally but not inter-regionally. However, the impact of international knowledge spillover on the efficiency of R&D activities is not significant. The conclusions allow us to fully capture the mechanism of knowledge spillovers and provide evidence for case studies in China.

Key words: knowledge spillover, R&D efficiency, multi-spatial scale, spatial econometric model

中图分类号:

K902

覃雄合, 侯纯光, 卢函, 杜德斌. 多空间尺度下知识溢出对中国研发活动效率的影响[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(3): 380-386.

Qin Xionghe, Hou Chunguang, Lu Han, Du Debin. The Impact of Knowledge Spillover on the R&D Efficiency in China: A Multi-spatial Perspective[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(3): 380-386.

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类型	指标
知识创造阶段投入	基础与应用研究研发经费支出^[12]
知识创造阶段投入	基础与应用研究研发人员全时当量^[12]
知识创造阶段产出（作为中间变量也成为知识商业化阶段投入）	论文发表数量^[12]
知识创造阶段产出（作为中间变量也成为知识商业化阶段投入）	专利授权数量^[13]
知识商业化阶段投入	试验发展研究研发经费支出^[12]
	试验发展研究研发人员全时当量^[12]
	新产品开发经费支出^[13]
知识商业化阶段产出	专利许可收入^[12]
	技术转让收入^[12]
	新产品销售收入^[12]

年份	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
整体研发活动效率	/	0.078	0.174^**	0.238^**	0.387^***	0.320^***	0.372^***	0.293^***	0.382^***	0.335^***
知识创造效率	0.206^**	0.306^***	0.373^***	0.443^***	0.419^***	0.406^***	0.353^***	0.449^***	0.473^***	/
知识商业化效率	/	−0.04	0.048	0.163^*	0.223^**	0.192^**	0.288^***	0.198^**	0.243^**	0.255^**

变量	模型（1）因变量：EFCY		模型（2）因变量：COM_EY
变量	回归系数	空间滞后项系数	回归系数	空间滞后项系数
Eco	0.023	0.009	0.081^***	−0.035
Gov	0.044^***	0.029	0.036^***	0.071^**
Hum	0.008	0.001	0.005	−0.010
Open	0.229	0.875	−0.306	−1.281
Indust	0.320^*	0.025	0.242	1.193^**
FDI	0.007	−0.025	0.014	0.002
CRE_EY	/	/	0.184^***	0.050
ρ	0.138^*	/	0.040	/