北京城市舒适性、差异性与创新能力的关系

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市舒适性对城市创新发展有重要影响，但对大都市区内部舒适性及差异性对城市创新能力的影响研究较少。以北京市为研究区域，利用耦合协调度模型和多元线性回归模型分析城市舒适性与创新能力的关系。研究发现：① 北京市总体舒适性分布特点是以中心城区为核心，随着距中心城区距离增加，城区的舒适性水平逐渐降低。② 北京生态环境舒适性呈现从西北地区向东南地区逐渐递减的特点，而人工环境和社会氛围的舒适性由中心向四周地区递减，各区的舒适性水平在空间分布上呈集聚状态，高-高型聚类集中在东城区、西城区、朝阳区、海淀区及丰台区，形成北京市“高舒适性”区域。③ 结合耦合协调度模型发现北京市除平谷区、密云区和延庆区，其他城区目前均处于高水平耦合阶段，海淀区、东城区、西城区、朝阳区、丰台区的创新能力和舒适性发展耦合协调度较高，但北京市各区也存在舒适性与城市创新之间发展相对滞后问题。④ 北京城市舒适性与创新能力存在正相关关系，但不同舒适性要素对创新能力的作用不同，文化教育条件对城市创新能力的影响强度最大，交通便利性和社会氛围对创新能力的作用次之。政策建议是要推进文化教育、交通条件等人工舒适性水平的相对均衡发展，提高各区的城市舒适性，以城市舒适性推动创新能力的提升。

关键词: 城市舒适性, 城市创新能力, 北京

Abstract:

Urban amenity has an important impact on urban innovation and development, but there is a lack of research on the impact of metropolitan internal amenity and differences on urban innovation ability. Taking Beijing as the research area, this article uses coupling coordination degree model and multiple linear regression models to analyze the relationship between urban amenity and innovation ability. The main conclusions of this article are as follows. 1) The overall level of urban amenity distribution of Beijing gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the central urban area to suburbs. 2) The northwestern districts in Beijing has better ecological environment amenity than the southeastern districts. However, artificial environment and social atmosphere decrease from the urban center to the surrounding areas and the urban amenity level of each district shows a phenomenon of agglomeration in spatial distribution, with high-high clustering concentrated in Dongcheng District, Xicheng District, Chaoyang District, Haidian District and Fengtai District and forming a “high urban amenity” area in Beijing. 3) Based on the coupling coordination degree model, it is found that except Pinggu District, Miyun District and Yanqing District, other urban areas in Beijing are in the high-level coupling stage. Haidian District, Dongcheng District, Xicheng District, Chaoyang District and Fengtai District have a high degree of coupling and coordination of innovation ability and amenity development, but there is also a lag between the development of urban amenity and urban innovation in all districts of Beijing. 4) There is a positive correlation between urban amenity and innovation ability in Beijing, but different urban amenity factors have different effects on innovation ability. Cultural and educational amenity has the greatest impact on urban innovation ability, and traffic amenity and social atmosphere have the second effect on innovation ability. The policy implication of this paper is that Beijing should promote the relative balanced development of artificial amenity level such as culture, education and traffic amenity to improve the coordination of urban amenity to enhance urban innovation ability of each district.

Key words: urban amenity, urban innovation ability, Beijing

中图分类号:

K901

吕拉昌, 于英杰, 栾惠. 北京城市舒适性、差异性与创新能力的关系[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(1): 115-125.

Lyu Lachang, Yu Yingjie, Luan Hui. The Relationship Between Urban Amenity, Difference and Innovation Ability in Beijing[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(1): 115-125.

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目标层	要素层	权重	指标层	权重	功效性
城市舒适性水平	生态环境	0.1132	X1森林覆盖率	0.3094	正向指标
			X2 人均公园绿地面积	0.3205	正向指标
			X3 空气质量高于二级的天数	0.3701	正向指标
	娱乐休闲	0.1394	X4每万人餐厅数量	0.1453	正向指标
			X5每万人电影院数量	0.1166	正向指标
			X6每万人星级酒店数量	0.1789	正向指标
			X7每万人综合商场数量	0.0730	正向指标
			X8每万人生活服务商家数量	0.1493	正向指标
			X9每万人休闲娱乐商家数量	0.1126	正向指标
			X10人均社会消费品零售额	0.0825	正向指标
			X11每万人体育场地数量	0.1419	正向指标
	文化教育	0.2423	X12每万人拥有公共图书馆藏书数量	0.2374	正向指标
			X13每万人博物馆藏品数量	0.1145	正向指标
			X14每万人中小学教师数	0.6481	正向指标
	医疗条件	0.2743	X15每万人三甲医院数量	0.6147	正向指标
	医疗条件	0.2743	X16每万人医院床位数	0.3853	正向指标
	交通条件	0.1689	X17每万人汽车拥有量	0.2447	正向指标
			X18人均备案停车场数量	0.2707	正向指标
			X19交通事故数量	0.0565	负向指标
			X20每公顷地铁站数	0.4281	正向指标
	社会氛围	0.0620	X21每万人失业人数	0.0609	负向指标
			X22每万人参加失业保险人数	0.1041	正向指标
			X23每万人参加基本养老保险人数	0.1125	正向指标
			X24常住外来人口占比	0.0941	正向指标
			X25每万人入境旅游人数	0.4147	正向指标
			X26收入房价比	0.1072	正向指标
			X27刑事案件破案立案比	0.0665	正向指标
			X28常住人口密度	0.0399	负向指标

地区	耦合度	耦合协调度	相对发展度	地区	耦合度	耦合协调度	相对发展度
东城区	0.9854	0.6287	1.4103	通州区	0.9699	0.3174	1.6432
西城区	0.8936	0.5182	2.6290	顺义区	0.9959	0.3613	1.1995
朝阳区	0.9909	0.6994	0.7622	昌平区	0.9105	0.3857	2.4102
丰台区	0.9819	0.5508	0.6812	大兴区	0.9929	0.3736	0.7879
石景山区	0.9922	0.4082	1.2855	怀柔区	0.9985	0.3733	1.1162
海淀区	0.9302	0.8043	0.4629	平谷区	0.7020	0.2239	5.9480
门头沟区	0.8051	0.2705	3.9158	密云区	0.7302	0.2302	5.3145
房山区	0.9973	0.4185	1.1580	延庆区	0.4091	0.1713	9.8528

变量	非标准化系数		标准化系数	t	sig.
变量	B	标准误差	标准化系数	t	sig.
注：B为非标准化系数，^、^**分别表示回归系数在10%、1%水平下显著，空白为无此项。
常量	0.141	0.174		0.189	0.997
F₁	1.449	0.513	0.357^***	3.801	0.003
F₂	0.041	0.395	0.213^*	1.105	0.081
F₃	0.819	0.407	0.380^*	2.012	0.067

变量	非标准化系数		标准化系数	t	sig.
变量	B	标准误差	标准化系数	t	sig.
注：B为非标准化系数，^、^*分别表示回归系数在5%、1%水平下显著，空白为无此项。
常量	0.316	0.117		0.369	0.024
X1	-0.046	0.117	-0.185	1.257	0.250
X3	0.865	0.298	0.365^***	3.552	0.000
X4	-0.186	0.282	-0.026	-1.658	0.902
X5	0.206	0.263	0.194^**	2.783	0.045
X6	0.135	0.279	0.261^**	5.984	0.015