地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 1082-1090.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.06.014
刘晓曼1(), 王超1, 肖如林1, 付卓1, 吕娜1, 袁静芳1,2, 侯鹏1,*(
)
收稿日期:
2021-04-01
修回日期:
2021-08-25
出版日期:
2022-06-25
发布日期:
2022-08-23
通讯作者:
侯鹏
E-mail:showma79@163.com;houpcy@163.com
作者简介:
刘晓曼(1979−),女,湖北宜昌人,博士,研究员,主要从事生态保护与修复研究。E-mail: showma79@163.com
基金资助:
Liu Xiaoman1(), Wang Chao1, Xiao Rulin1, Fu Zhuo1, Lyu Na1, Yuan Jingfang1,2, Hou Peng1,*(
)
Received:
2021-04-01
Revised:
2021-08-25
Online:
2022-06-25
Published:
2022-08-23
Contact:
Hou Peng
E-mail:showma79@163.com;houpcy@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
构建人类干扰指数,从时间和空间双重角度,评估中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰变化特征。研究表明:① 总体来说,2018年中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰低于全国平均水平,1980―2018年,和全国平均水平相比,中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰增加幅度小、增长趋势慢,定量说明中国重要生态保护区域人类活动整体管控成效好;② 1980―2018年,3类重要生态保护区域(国家级自然保护区、生物多样性优先区、重点生态功能区)人类干扰指数均呈逐步增加趋势。以“胡焕庸线”为界,重要生态保护区域以西、以北人类干扰总体较小,增加相对缓慢;以东、以南人类干扰相对明显,增加也相对明显,今后对这些区域要重点加强管控;③ 国家级自然保护区人类干扰指数在5个监测年份均最低,增加趋势最平缓、增幅最小,人类活动实际管控成效最好;重点生态功能区和生物多样性优先区人类干扰相对较大,管控成效有待显现,结果反映中国对重要生态保护区域分类管控力度和梯度的差异;④ 重要生态保护区域内部人类干扰指数及增幅均低于外部未受保护区域,构建重要生态保护区域有效降低人类干扰。
中图分类号:
刘晓曼, 王超, 肖如林, 付卓, 吕娜, 袁静芳, 侯鹏. 中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰时空变化特征分析[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(6): 1082-1090.
Liu Xiaoman, Wang Chao, Xiao Rulin, Fu Zhuo, Lyu Na, Yuan Jingfang, Hou Peng. Characteristics of Human Disturbance and the Spatio-temporal Changes of Important Ecological Protection Areas in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(6): 1082-1090.
Table 1
The grade of human disturbance corresponding to different land use in important ecological protection areas
人类干扰程度 | 对应的土地利用/覆被类型 |
1 | 有林地(21)、灌木林(22)、疏林地(23)、 其它林地(24) |
高覆盖度草地(31)、中覆盖度草地(32)、 低覆盖度草地(33) | |
河渠(41)、湖泊(42)、水库坑塘(43)、 永久性冰川雪地(44)、 滩涂(45)、滩地(46) | |
沙地(61)、戈壁(62)、盐碱地(63)、 沼泽地(64)、裸土地(65)、 裸岩石质地(66)、其它(67) | |
2 | 水田(11)、旱地(12) |
3 | 城镇(51)、农村居民点(52)、其它建设用地(53) |
Table 3
Change degree of human disturbance index in three important ecological protection areas from 1980 to 2018
人类干扰指数 变化程度 | 国家级自然保护区 | 重点生态功能区 | 生物多样性优先区 | |||||
数量/个 | 占比/% | 数量/个 | 占比/% | 数量/个 | 占比/% | |||
注:未含港澳台数据。 | ||||||||
明显上升 | 20 | 4.22 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6.25 | ||
轻微上升 | 85 | 17.93 | 7 | 28 | 7 | 21.87 | ||
基本持衡 | 324 | 68.35 | 17 | 68 | 20 | 62.5 | ||
轻微下降 | 37 | 7.81 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9.38 | ||
明显下降 | 8 | 1.69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
总计 | 474 | 25 | 32 |
Table 4
Changes of human disturbance index in internal and surrounding areas of three important ecological protection areas from 1980 to 2018
区域 | 1980年 | 1990年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2018年 |
注:未含港澳台数据。 | |||||
国家级自然保护区内部 | 0.3395 | 0.3400 | 0.3403 | 0.3406 | 0.3415 |
国家级自然保护区外部0~5 km区域 | 0.3860 | 0.3866 | 0.3881 | 0.3890 | 0.3932 |
国家级自然保护区外部5~10 km区域 | 0.3962 | 0.3969 | 0.3986 | 0.3997 | 0.4039 |
生物多样性优先区内部 | 0.3529 | 0.3529 | 0.3538 | 0.3540 | 0.3558 |
生物多样性优先区外部0~5 km区域 | 0.4080 | 0.4091 | 0.4111 | 0.4124 | 0.4187 |
生物多样性优先区外部5~10 km区域 | 0.4189 | 0.4198 | 0.4219 | 0.4237 | 0.4311 |
重点生态功能区内部 | 0.3611 | 0.3618 | 0.3633 | 0.3636 | 0.3664 |
重点生态功能区外部0~5 km区域 | 0.3844 | 0.3855 | 0.3868 | 0.3870 | 0.3904 |
重点生态功能区外部5~10 km区域 | 0.4076 | 0.4089 | 0.4101 | 0.4104 | 0.4140 |
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