应用景观格局指数分析法,对比分析了西气东输豫南支线管道工程施工前后管线两侧缓冲区范围内景观格局动态。研究表明:管线建设将会引起管线附近区域土地利用发生转移;在3000m缓冲区范围内存在影响强度变化拐点,且斑块聚集度指数变化对管线建设的影响较为敏感;在类型水平上不同缓冲区多数景观指数之间没有显著性的差异,景观格局变化趋势类同;从景观水平上格局变化很难看出管线建设对沿线景观格局产生影响,但在类型和景观水平上各景观指数变化对工程建设的敏感程度不同。
Pipeline construction, as a linear project may result in significant effects on the structure and function of regional ecosystem, however a systematic and effective method to quantitatively evaluate this kind of effects is unavailable until today. In this paper, the Dianshi-Zhumadian branch line of the West-to-East Pipeline Project (WEPP)was chosen as a study area, the landscape pattern change along the pipeline was compared before and after construction based on Landsat TM and ETM+ (2002, 2003)images by using landscape metrics. The results shows that oil pipeline construction activity becomes the direct factor affecting land use changes in the area near the oil pipeline, the construction areas increase by occupying farmland, woodland and grassland, and the influence extent of the construction has an inflection point at the 1500-3000 m buffer zone. The connectivity index (COHESION)is more sensitive to impact of the pipeline construction. Paired T test indicates that no significant difference is found on the landscape indices at patch scale, and the landscape pattern change at 0-300 m buffer zone has a similar trend to the other buffers. At the landscape level, it is difficult to determine whether the construction project have produced effects on the landscape pattern changes alone the project. Based on our study, the method by comparing the significance of the difference between landscape indices both in spatial and temporal scales is useful and effective for quantitative evaluation on the environmental impacts, and it can be used to distinguish the effects of projects from the other sources when the environmental impact assessment is conducted in pipeline project construction. However, it is important to note that the response feature of landscape indices to the impact of pipeline project is different at the patch level and landscape level.
[1] Brismar A.River systems as providers of goods and services:A basis for comparing desired and undesired effects of large dam projects[J].Environmental Management,2002,29(5):598-609.
[2] Chen L D,Gao Q C.Chance and challenge for China on ecosystem management:Lessons from West-to-East Pipeline Project Construction[J].Ambio,2006,25(2):91-93.
[3] Zuniga-Gutierrez G,Arroyo-Cabrales J,Lechuga C,et al.Environmental quantitative assessment of two alternative routes for a gas pipeline in Campeche,Mexico[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2002,59:181-186.
[4] 曹永强,倪广恒,胡和平.水利水电工程建设对生态环境的影响分析[J].人民黄河,2005,27(1):56~58.
[5] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6] 赵万羽,陈亚宁.塔里木河下游断流河道整治引发的生态问题与重建对策分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):496~500.
[7] 胡孟春,马荣华,唐晓燕,等.江苏规划高速公路网生态环境影响研究[J].农村生态环境,2005,21(4):1~5.
[8] 崔保山,胡 波,翟红娟,等.重大工程建设与生态系统变化交互作用[J].科学通报,2007,52(zkII):19~28.
[9] 陈利顶,吕一河,田惠颖,等.重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建基本原则和方法[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(03):674~680.
[10] 马小凡,郭晓泽,王 菊,等.水坝工程建设与生态保护的利弊关系分析[J].地理科学,2005,25(5):621~625.
[11] 汪明娜.跨流域调水对生态环境的影响及对策[J].环境保护,2002,(3):32~35.
[12] 王雁林,王文科,杨泽元,等.渭河流域面向生态的水资源合理配置与调控模式探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(1):14~21.
[13] 高启晨,陈利顶,姜昌亮,等.西气东输管道沿线河西走廊地区生态系统评价与生态安全保障体系建设[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(4):309~315.
[14] 徐宪立,张科利,庞 玲,等.青藏公路路堤边坡产流产沙规律及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2006,26(2):211~216.
[15] 关 华.道路建设中的生态问题——应用生态廊道设计降低生态冲击的新观点[J].生态经济,2006,(1):112~116.
[16] 陈 辉,李双成,郑 度.青藏公路铁路沿线生态系统特征及道路修建对其影响[J].山地学报,2003,(5):559~567.
[17] 顾广明,周其刚,曹育红.输油输气工程的生态环境影响评价[J].能源环境保护,2006,20(5):62~64.
[18] 赵 丹,王伯铎,马俊杰,等.中国西北生态脆弱区天然气管线建设的生态环境影响[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):196~199.
[19] 熊春平,朱权云,翁帮华.天然气长输管道工程建设项目环境影响评价技术探讨[J].石油与天然气化工,2004,33(5):375~378.
[20] 曾 铮,张亚非,许 晔.输气管道工程竣工环境保护验收调查初探[J].油气田环境保护,2007,17(1):37~30.
[21] 王晓岩,马俊杰,刘文宗,等.中低山区管线建设的生态环境影响与保护对策[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(6):73~77.
