城市化对于城市环境的一个重要影响是热岛效应。为了研究苏州市20多年来城市化进程对热岛效应的影响,采用遥感与GIS相结合的方法来定量的分析城市热环境的时空变化。根据1986和2004年两个时相的Landsat TM影像提取了研究区的土地覆盖以及亮温信息,在此基础上通过统计分析和GIS的缓冲区分析对这18 a来苏州地区的热岛时空变化及其与土地覆盖变化的关系进行了深入研究。分析结果表明,城市热岛与城区的空间分布之间存在明显的一致性。
One of the significant environmental consequences of urbanization is the urban heat island (UHI). To study the urban heat island in Suzhou City, remote sensing and GIS technology were utilized to quantitatively analyze the thermal spatial and temporal distribution. Landsat TM images from 1986 and 2004 were selected to derive brightness temperature and land cover maps. Then statistics and GIS buffer analysis were conducted to investigate the thermal pattern changes over a 18-year period. The combined analysis of the temperature images and land cover maps indicates that there is an evident development of the UHI in the 18 years and significant coherence between the urban thermal patterns and urban spatial distribution. This paper also suggests the advantages of remote sensing as an objective and effective method for assessing and understanding spatial characteristics and dynamic changes of urban thermal environment.
[1] Voogt J A,Oke T R.Thermal remote sensing of urban climates[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003, 86(3): 370-384.
[2] Stathopoulou M,Cartalis C.Daytime urban heat islands from Landsat ETM+ and Corine land cover data: An application to major cities in Greece[J].Solar Energy,2007,81(3): 358-368.
[3] 李国栋,王乃昂,张俊华.兰州市城区夏季热场分布与热岛效应研究[J].地理科学,2008, 28(5):709~714.
[4] Rao P K.Remote sensing of urban "heat islands" from an environmental satellite[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1972,53:647-648.
[5] Streutker D R.Satellite-measured growth of the urban heat island of Houston, Texas[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,85(3):282-289.
[6] Gallo K P,Owen T W.Assessment of urban heat island: A multisensor perspective for the Dallas-Ft. Worth, USA region [J].Geocarto International,1998,13(4):35-41.
[7] Roth M, Oke T R,Emery W J.Satellite-derived urban heat islands from three coastal cities and the utilization of such data in urban climatology[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1989,10(11):1699-1720.
[8] Chen X,Zhao H,Li P,et al.Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and land use/cover changes[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2006,104(2):133-146.
[9] Xian G,Crane M.An analysis of urban thermal characteristics and associated land cover in Tampa Bay and Las Vegas using Landsat satellite data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2006,104(2):147-156.
[10] 钱乐祥,丁圣彦.珠江三角洲土地覆盖变化对地表温度的影响[J].地理学报,2005, 60(5): 761~770.
[11] 岳文泽,徐丽华.城市土地利用类型及格局的热环境效应研究——以上海市中心城区为例[J].地理科学, 2007, 27(2): 243~248.
[12] 赵云升,杜 嘉,宋开山,等.基于卫星遥感的夏季长春市城区热场分析[J].地理科学, 2006, 26(1): 70~74.
[13] 刘 宇,匡耀求,吴志峰.不同土地利用类型对城市地表温度的影响——以广东东莞为例[J].地理科学,2006, 26(5): 597~602.
[14] Li F, Jackson T J, Kustas W P, et al.Deriving land surface temperature from Landsat 5 and 7 during SMEX02/SMACEX [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004, 92(4): 521-534.
[15] 苏伟忠,杨英宝,杨桂山.南京市热场分布特征及其与土地利用/覆被关系研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(6):697~703.
[16] 邓玉娇,匡耀求,黄宁生,等.温室效应增强背景下城市热环境变化的遥感分析——以广东省东莞市为例[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):819~824.
[17] 吴永娇,马海州,董锁成,等.城市化进程中生态环境响应模型研究——以西安为例[J].地理科学,2009,29(1):64~74.
[18] 张丽娟,李文亮,张冬有.基于信息扩散理论的气象灾害风险评估方法[J].地理科学,2009,29(2):250~254.
[19] 高 蓉,郭忠祥,陈少勇,等.近46年来中国东部季风区夏季气温变化特征分析[J].地理科学,2009,29(2):255~261.
[20] 历 华,柳钦火,邹 杰.基于MODIS数据的长株潭地区NDBI和NDVI与地表温度的关系研究[J].地理科学,2009,29(2):262~267.
[21] 陆玉麒,董 平,俞勇军.苏州与上海孪生城市模式的形成机理及其区域效应[J].地理科学, 2004, 24(3): 305~313.
[22] Chander G, Markham B.Revised Landsat-5 TM Radiometric Calibration Procedures and Postcalibration Dynamic Ranges[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003, 41(11): 2674-2677.
