结合RS和GIS技术,利用输出系数模型对松辽流域20世纪80年代至2000年由土地利用/覆盖变化造成的非点源污染负荷进行模拟。结果表明,近15 a间,由土地利用造成的非点源污染负荷基本呈逐渐上升趋势,其中TN从80年代106.7×104 t上升到1995年110.2×104 t,2000年上升到约112.1×104 t。TP从80年代3.4×104 t上升到1995年3.5×104 t,2000年继续上升至3.6×104 t。就省份而言,黑龙江省一直是TN、TP负荷总量最高的地区,多年平均贡献率分别为37.9%和38.8%。而吉林和东辽河水系则是负荷强度最高的地区,今后应重点加强该地区治理。
Now, the study of non-point source (NPS) pollution of large and medium-sized basin is still not common. In this paper, spatial-temporal changes of non-point source pollution in Songliao Basin over the last 15 years were studied based on the simulation of its load by export coefficient model. The results indicated that, the non-point load caused by land use change increased year by year. For TN, it increased from 1.07?106 in 1986 to 1.12?106 in 2000, and for TP, it increased from 3.4?104 in 1986 to 3.6?104 in 2000. Heilongjiang Province was the most important contributor, with an average annual contribution-ratio of 37.9% and 38.8% for TN and TP respectively. The region of Jilin Province and the watershed of the Dongliao River are two highest NPS pollution load intensity areas that should be gained more attention in the future, with average annual 1.45 t/km2, 0.05 t/km2 and 2.21t/km2, 0.07 t/km2 respectively for TN and TP. Using the method put forward in this paper, spatial simulation of NPS pollution can be effectively carried out in large scale basin such as Songliao Basin.
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