为了更真实地反映同一个省内镇域的生态负荷及其生态容量现状,在综合分析了有关生态足迹模型的优缺点后,提出以"省公顷"为计量单位计算小城镇生态足迹的模型。用全球公顷(gha)和省公顷(pha)两种方法分别对晏城镇2004年生态足迹进行计算。计算结果表明:晏城镇2004年生态足迹采用gha 方法的计算结果为1.711 hm2/人,采用pha方法计算结果为1.210 hm2/人;该镇生物承载力采用gha 方法计算结果为0.985 hm2/人,采用pha方法计算结果为1.034 hm2/人;前者计算得到晏城镇生态赤字为0.726 hm2/人,后者为0.176 hm2/人。比较晏城镇和山东省各类土地类型的生态赤字/盈余,得出了晏城镇在耕地、林地和建筑用地都存在生态盈余,在化石能源用地、水域和草地存在生态赤字,分析造成生态赤字/盈余的原因,并提出相应对策。
For more truthfulness to reflect the ecological footprint(EF)and biocapacity of small towns in the same province, the paper synthetically analyzed and compared the merits and shortcomings of Ecological Footprint Model, and proposed pha(provincial hectare)as a new area unit to calculate small towns’ EF. For comparison, the EF within Yancheng Town(2004)was calculated in gha(global hectare)and pha, with both results compared and analyzed. The results showed that the EF within Yancheng Town(2004)was 1.711 ha·cap-1 and the biocapacity was 0.985 ha·cap-1, as a results, the ecological deficit was 0.726 ha·cap-1. If using gha as unit area, the three indices mentioned above were 1.210 ha·cap-1, 1.034 ha·cap-1 and 0.176 ha·cap-1. By comparing the ecological deficit/ surplus of land types within Yancheng Town and Shandong Province, it showed that the cultivated land, residential site and built-up land and forestland of Yancheng Town had ecological surplus, but, wasted land, water field and grassland had ecological deficit. The paper analyzed the main cause of the differences and proposed corresponding countermeasures. By comparing the EF within Yancheng Town, Shandong Province, China and world, it indicated that the ecological situation within Yancheng Town in 2004 was beneficial for a relatively sustainable track of development. It is found that using pha to calculate small towns’ecological footprint is well worth studying in application and some problems of calculation must be improved and perfected.
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