探讨内蒙古高原东南缘森林-草原交错带地形-气候-植被格局,表明植被分布受气候和地形综合影响,在区域尺度上,随降水量减少阔叶林逐步由桦林向栎林、山杨林转变,针叶林更为接近森林旱极;在局地尺度上,阔叶林多分布在蒸发微弱、土壤容重较小的陡阴坡,草原分布在对应的阳坡上,非地带性榆树疏林分布在毛管作用微弱、蒸发小的沙地上。交错带植被建设应在降水量允许范围内优先考虑针叶树;其次要考虑坡向、坡位对土壤水分条件的影响,森林应尽量栽植在坡度10°~40°的阴坡;在区域和局地尺度上都应注意造林密度以及乔灌草结合,沙地不宜栽植密林。
The landform-climate-vegetation patterns of forest-steppe ecotone on the southeast of Inner Mongolia Plateau were revealed and the result showed that vegetation distribution was affected by the combination of climate and landform. Regionally, forest community type changed along precipitation gradient from reletively humid areas to arid areas as birch, oak and popular forest, and needle leaved forest was distributed closer to forest drought limit. Locally, broad-leaved forest was distributed mostly on shady slope where evaporation was weak and soil bulk density was low and steppe on sunny slope with strong evaporation. Elm woodland was distributed on sandy land with weak capillary force and little evaporation. Based on these results, we pointed out that first, regionally when choosing tree species, their individualistic precipitation limitation should be in primary consideration; second, in microzone with the range of appropriate precipitation, considering the effects of slope aspect on soil water condition, forest should be nourished on shady slope with an angle of 10 to 40 degree; third, local species, forest density and combination of tree, shrub and grass must be taken into account on both regional and local scale, and it is inappropriate to grow dense forest on sandy land.
[1] 杨树,温雨金,刘鸿雁.内蒙古中部地区退耕还林还草后植被与土壤性状的变化[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(4):143~149.
[2] 颜长珍,吴炳方.晋陕蒙接壤区林草覆盖变化的遥感分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(4):465~471.
[3] 史纪安,陈利顶,史俊通,等.榆林地区土地利用/覆被变化区域特征及其驱动机制分析[J].地理科学,2003,23(4):493~498.
[4] 杨建平,丁永建,陈仁升,等.亚洲季风与中国干湿、农牧气候界线之关系[J].地理科学,2005,25(4):442~447.
[5] 朱志诚.黄土高原森林草原的基本特征[J].地理科学,1994,14(2):152~156.
[6] 刘濂.河北省坝上草原植被概况[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛,1965,3(2):307~316.
[7] 刘濂.关于河北境内森林草原的划分[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1981,5(4):308~312.
[8] 黄永梅,刘鸿雁,崔海亭.内蒙古东南缘森林草原过渡带景观的若干特征[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(3):257~264.
[9] 王庆锁.河北北部内蒙古东部森林草原交错带植被和生物多样性的研究[M].北京:气象出版社,2004.
[10] Liu H Y,Cui H T,Pott R,et al.Vegetation of the woodland-steppe transition at the southeastern edge of the Inner Mongolian Plateau[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2000,11(4):525-532.
[11] 中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会.中国植被图集[M].北京科学出版社,2001.
[12] 内蒙古草场资源遥感应用考察队(主编).内蒙古自治区赤峰市自然条件与草场资源地图[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[13] Liu H Y,Cui H T,Yu P T,et al.The origin of remnant forest stands of Pinus tabulaeformis in southeastern Inner Mongolia [J].Plant Ecology,2002,158(2):139-151.
[14] Pearson S M,Terner M G,Drake J B.Landscape change and habitat availability in the southern Appalachian Highlands and Olympic Peninsula[J].Ecological Applications,1999,9(4):1288-1304.
[15] 林超, 李昌文.阴阳坡在山地地理研究中的意义[J].地理学报,1985,40(1):20~28.
[16] Walter Heinrich.Vegetation of the earth and ecological system of geo-biosphere[M].Berlin;New York:Springer-Verlag,1985.
[17] Bugmann H K M,Solomon A M.The use of a European forest model in North America: A study of ecosystem response to climate gradients[J].Journal of Biogeography,1995,22(2-3):477-484.
[18] 杨建伟,梁宗锁,韩蕊莲,等.不同土壤水分下刺槐和油松的生理特征[J].植物资源与环境学报,2004,13(3):12~17.
[19] 张继贤,徐斌.科尔沁草原南部不同类型沙丘水分研究[J].中国沙漠,1985,5(3):33~39.
[20] 赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会,等.北方农牧交错带的地理界定及其生态问题[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(5):739~747.
[21] 崔国发.固沙林水分平衡与植被建设可适度探讨[J].北京林业大学学报,1998,20(6):89~94.
[22] 王学全,高前兆,卢琦,等.内蒙古河套灌区水盐平衡与干排水脱盐分析[J].地理科学,2006,26(4):455~460.
[23] 曲金华,江志红,谭桂容,等.冬季北大西洋海温年际、年代际变化与中国气温的关系[J].地理科学,2006,26(5):557~568.
[24] 王爱玲,朱文泉,李京,等.内蒙古生态系统服务价值遥感测量[J].地理科学,2007,27(3):325~330.
