长期断流导致塔里木河下游主河道发育受阻,自然生态系统萎缩。河道治理措施保障了主河道输水的顺畅和水文生态的完整性,实现了上下游补偿性生态大转移(生态回归),但却抑制了河道自然发生规律,改变了原生种繁殖更新环境,河道两侧自然生态过程受阻,可持续维持的生命带变窄,人类需借助外力才能实现生态修复。塔里木河下游断流区生态恢复重建需要尊重客观历史,依托区域原有植被自然发生规律,应选择以柽柳灌丛为主要恢复种类,辅助人工引水渠系设施建设、断根萌蘖、人工补植等辅助手段,逐步实现对退化生态系统修复。
The long-term lack of water-convey process in the lower reaches of the Tarim River has restrained natural development of main water course and caused serious degradation of the forest ecosystem in the river-bank of desert environment. The engineering reconstruction of the Tarim River carried out conveying of water straightway and maintained the integrality of river water system. It also transferred some ecology effects from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. However, the channel reconstruction brought out some problems. The change of natural flux of the water course has greatly restricted natural process of evolution of plant community in original green corridor of vegetation. To rehabilitate the retrogressive ecosystem in the region, firstly it need to understand the nature process of vegetation evolution, then to choice Tamarix sp. as major species for reclamation in extremely degraded area, and maintained the regeneration of community of desert vegetation and Populus sp. by giving more flooding water from the new building sluice and new channel.
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