粮食增产背景下松花江区水资源承载力分析
作者简介:张士锋(1965-),男,湖北省江陵县人,副研究员,研究方向为水文水资源。E-mail: zhangsf@igsnrr.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2011-05-30
要求修回日期: 2011-07-11
网络出版日期: 2012-03-25
基金资助
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q06-1-2)资助
Water Resources Carrying Capacity of the Songhua River Under the Background of Grain Production Increases
Received date: 2011-05-30
Request revised date: 2011-07-11
Online published: 2012-03-25
Copyright
张士锋 , 孟秀敬 . 粮食增产背景下松花江区水资源承载力分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(3) : 342 -347 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.03.342
The Songhua River area was listed as one of the key areas of “China’s Plan for Expansion of Grain Production Capacity”. The grain production will increase 30% in 10 years according to this plan, this means that grain production will reach 6.5x1010kg in 2020. However, this plan will undoubtedly present a challenge to the local water resources development. In order to evaluate the impact of water development in this area, ten indexes, which were selected base on the analysis of relevant indicators including Socio-economic indicator, water use index, bearing capacity index of water and land resources to population, water supply and demand index and water quality indicators, were used to set up the comprehensive evaluation model of Water Resources Bearing Capacity (WRBC) using Cluster Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Matrix. Firstly the AHP analyses of the indicators provide the weight of each indicator. Five clusters are thus classified to these 10 indicators as follows: water demand and supply 0.229 2, water and land capacity 0.225 7, water quality 0.199 3, water use 0.185 8, and social economic index 0.159 9. Secondly modeling analysis is undertaken to the water resource capacity status in different years. The year 1999 was set as reference year while 2007 was set as present situation. The result demonstrated that the water resources bearing capacity in every year was in the safe condition. Furthermore the influencing factors of the WRBC were analyzed in combination with the specific situation of the research area. Thirdly, the variation trends of WRBC under the condition of increasing grain production were also predicted. In the condition of water use index is 0.6 or less and the better water quality control, the WRBC in the year of 2020 will be safe in the rainfall frequency of 50% as well as in 75%. Further analysis shows that another important indicator-social economic indicator-will contribute greatly on the future water safe to the grain expansion plan. This research proves that it is reasonable to implement the plan for the expansion of grain production capacity in the Songhua River area. Also based on this result, we can draw resolutions that there are still grain increment potential in Songhua River area in the view of water capacity itself.
Table 1 Weights of indexes obtained by the method of AHP表1 层次分析得到各指标权重 |
指标 | 权重 | 指 标 | 权重 |
---|---|---|---|
人均GDP | 0.1599 | 农村生活用水定额 | 0.0298 |
工业用水定额 | 0.035 | 人口密度 | 0.081 |
灌溉定额 | 0.0427 | 单位水量人口承载模数 | 0.1447 |
人均用水量 | 0.0491 | 水资源开发率 | 0.2292 |
城市生活用水定额 | 0.0292 | 水质 | 0.1993 |
Table 2 Clustering core of each index表2 各指标类中心 |
聚类中心 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
不安全 | 较不安全 | 较安全 | 安全 | |
人均GDP | 1.43 | 2.49 | 3.77 | 6.23 |
工业用水定额 | 408 | 270 | 160 | 56 |
平均灌溉用水/hm2 | 16380 | 11700 | 7125 | 3705 |
人均用水量 | 2498 | 1234 | 581 | 281 |
城市生活用水定额 | 338 | 246 | 199 | 136 |
农村生活用水定额 | 200 | 118 | 79 | 48 |
人口密度 | 2175 | 701 | 354 | 115 |
单位水量人口承载模数 | 64 | 51.3 | 26.5 | 4.8 |
Table 3 Comparative analysis of indexes of 2007 and 1999 of Songhua River Region表3 松花江区2007与1999年指标比较 |
松花江片指标 | 2007年 | 1999年 | 比较 |
---|---|---|---|
人均GDP | 1.87 | 0.75 | +149% |
工业用水定额 | 147 | 369 | -60% |
农田灌溉公顷平均用水 | 6915 | 8100 | -15% |
人均用水量 | 623 | 620 | +5% |
城市生活用水定额 | 157 | 155 | +1% |
农村生活用水定额 | 52 | 90 | -42% |
人口密度 | 69 | 62 | +11% |
单位水量人口承载模数 | 4.96 | 4.51 | +10% |
水资源开发利用率 | 0.309 | 0.316 | -2% |
Table 4 The indexes of 2020 at different runoff frequencies表4 2020年不同来水频率下的指标值 |
松花江片 2020-50% | 松花江片 2020-75% | |
---|---|---|
人均GDP | 4.4 | 4.4 |
工业用水定额 | 72 | 72 |
农田灌溉公顷平均用水 | 6240 | 6240 |
人均用水量 | 812 | 888 |
城市生活 | 148 | 148 |
农村生活 | 79 | 79 |
人口密度 | 72 | 72 |
水量人口模数 | 5.21 | 5.21 |
水资源开发利用率 | 0.423 | 0.463 |
Table 5 The criterion of comprehensive evaluation index表5 综合指标评价标准 |
综合预测结果 | 单个指标所处状态 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
不安全 | 较不安全 | 较安全 | 安全 | |
安全 | <0.5 | >0.5 | ||
不安全 | >0.5 | <0.5 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
中华人民共和国水利部.中国水资源公报1999[R].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2000.
|
[11] |
中华人民共和国水利部.中国水资源公报2007[R].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
/
〈 | 〉 |