城镇间的产业联系是城市(镇)群研究的重要内容之一,然而传统研究多使用宏观统计数据,缺少从企业微观层面对城市产业联系的研究,难以清晰刻画城镇之间复杂的产业联系。随着社会网络分析方法在多学科的运用,城镇群生产网络空间组织的可视化表达和定量分析成为可能。选择粤东城镇群的服装生产为案例,通过深度访谈构建企业关系数据库,运用社会网络分析软件直观模拟城镇群区域服装生产网络,探讨城镇空间结构与生产网络之间的内在联系。结果发现:① 粤东城镇群区域内形成了复杂的生产网络,从网络结构上看,大部分节点存在于一个大的网络中,建立直接或间接联系,仅有个别点或小集团孤立在外,网络中各企业的度数中心度和中间中心度存在较大差别;② 从网络空间上看,汕头同潮州和普宁都存在密切联系,但潮州和普宁之间缺少联系,而汕尾孤立于汕潮揭之外;③ 各等级城镇在粤东城镇群区域服装生产网络中发挥了不同的作用,城镇的专业化与区域的多样化共同推动服装生产的网络化。为城镇群内部经济联系研究提供了新的思路与方法,对城镇群网络化建设具有参考价值。
Spatial relationship of geographical actors is one of the core topics of geography. In urban geography, the internal industrial relationship between cities or towns, the same as spatial relationship, is also a significant part of the urban agglomeration study. A great many geographers engage themselves in studying the internal socio-economic relationship between cities by using macro-statistics. However, enterprise is the principle part of the relationship, lacking micro-perspective when studying is hard to explain the intricate relations between different cities. Recently, some of the geographers have efficiently used network analysis method to explain cluster network, transportation network, logistics network, and industrial network. Network analysis method, which is widely used in the subject of sociology, is good for researching on the perplex relations between objectives. By this method, it is possible to visualize and quantitatively analyze the spatial structure of urban agglomeration production network. This article takes urban agglomeration of the eastern Guangdong as a case study, which is a relative small area but with strong internal socio-economic relationships. For the reason of significant impact of the industry and obvious feature of network organization, this article specifically focuses on the study of apparel production industry in the urban agglomeration of eastern Guangdong Province. Based on the first hand data from depth interviews of 115 enterprises in 15 cities (towns), this article builds up the enterprise relational database, visually simulates the spatial structure of apparel production network in internal urban agglomeration with the software of social network analysis, and analyzes the intrinsic links between the spatial structure of urban agglomeration and production networks. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, among the one-circle and two-zone spatial structure of the urban agglomeration in eastern Guangdong Province, there are close economic links within the metropolitan area of Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang, while few industrial links in two towns zones. Furthermore, the apparel production of Shanwei is isolated from the metropolitan area. Secondly, all level towns play different roles in the apparel production networks of the urban agglomeration in eastern Guangdong. There are two factors to promote the formation of the production networks, one is the urban specialization, the other is the diversification of the region. Thirdly, in the future, the urban agglomeration in eastern Guangdong should improve the agglomerative economies effect of urban agglomeration by taking steps to develop the characteristic function and enhancing industrial links between the towns.
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