基于地学信息图谱的方法论,选取中国典型经济快速发展的城市,对中国典型城市空间结构演变的现状进行分析。结合不同时期城市空间结构的图谱,探索城市化与城市空间结构演变的影响因素。通过对城市空间结构特征的理解和测度来把握城市空间结构的演变,总结在城市化背景下城市空间结构演变的时空规律,为城市未来健康、协调、有序发展提供服务。研究结果表明: ①城市空间结构是城市的自然环境、经济、土地利用和城市交通等各种要素在空间组织分布形式和相互作用的过程。②城市化过程中人口大量向城市转移,对城市空间结构演变的影响总体呈扩增的趋势。③地形、河流港湾、人口和经济发展等是影响城市空间结构主要的因素。④良好的城市交通网络结构是城市得以正常运转的前提,城市经济快速发展离不开高效的交通网络系统;在城市交通的空间结构的扩展特征上显现出多种发展结构,如同心圆带状结构、扇形结构等。⑤ 在地形、水系等自然条件一定的情况下,城市的空间结构是由土地利用与城市交通网络在城市空间地域上相互制约和相互协调形成的。
Based on the methodology of Geo-info-TUPU, some typical cities with high-level economy development were carefully chosen, and the evolution process of typical Chinese urban spatial structures was analyzed at present day. In compliance with the graph spectral of urban spatial structures in different periods, some influencing factors were explored in the course of urbanization and evolution of urban spatial structures. Meanwhile, the evolution of urban spatial structure was mastered by the comprehensive understanding and measuring the features of urban spatial structure. Furthermore, with the purpose of offering service to the future city development in a healthy, coordinating and orderly way, the spatio-temporal principles of the evolution of urban spatial structure was summed up under the background of urbanization. The results of the study are showed as follows: 1) The formation of urban spatial structures is the process of space distribution forms and interaction among influencing elements such as urban natural environment, urban economic development, urban land utilization and urban transportation structures. 2) Large numbers of population transfering into cities during the process of urbanization exerts the impacts of expansion developing tendency on the evolution of urban spatial structures. 3) The major factors to affect the urban spatial structures are landform elements, river elements, bay elements, population elements and economic development, etc. 4) Well-conditioned urban transportation network is prerequisite for the normal urban operation. Meanwhile, urban economic booming can not go without a high efficient urban transportation network system. In addition, the expansion of urban transportation network structures is characterized by various development structures, like concentric circles ribbon structure, sector structure and so on. And 5) under the definite natural circumstances, such as terrain elements, water system, etc., urban spatial structure is formed by the interaction and coordination between land use and transportation network in the specific urban spatial region.
[1] Bourne L S. Internal structure of the city: reading on urban form, growth and policy [M].New York: Oxford University Press,1982:35-42.
[2] 张 琪.城市空间结构的概念及其发展[J].国外建筑科技,2004,25(3):91~92.
[3] 杨吾扬,杨 齐.论城市的地域结构[J].地理研究,1986,5(1):1~10.
[4] 唐子来.西方城市空间结构研究的理论和方法[J].城市规划汇刊,1997,6(1):122~132.
[5] 靳美娟,张志斌.国内外城市空间结构研究综述[J].热带地理,2006,26(2):134~138.
[6] 周兆军,李晓东.乌鲁木齐市城市空间结构演化分析[J].山西建筑,2009,35(32):18~20.
[7] 张志斌,袁 寒.西宁城市空间结构演化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(5):36~41.
[8] 曾 杉.上海城市空间结构变化研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2002,4(3):93.
[9] 刘 敏.近年来我国城市空间结构研究述评[J].城市问题,2008,11:20~24.
[10] 吴启焰,朱喜钢.城市空间结构研究的回顾与展望[J].地理学与国土研究,2001,17(2):46~50.
[11] 张文和,李 明.城市化定义研究[J].城市发展研究,2000,(5):32~33.
[12] 金兆森.城镇规划与设计[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:8~9.
[13] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2009.
[14] 地图出版社编辑部.中华人民共和国地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1980:62~75.
[15] 傅马利,杨守一.中华人民共和国地图集1995[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1995:62~78.
[16] Boyce R R , Clark W A V .The concept of shape in geography[J].The Geographical Review,1964,54:561-572.
[17] 王新生,刘纪远,庄大方,等.中国城市形状的时空变化[J].资源科学,2005,27(3):20~24.
[18] 林炳格.城市空间形态的计量方法及其评价[J].城市规划汇刊,1998,3:42~45.
[19] 程连生,赵红英.北京城市边缘带探讨[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,31(1):128~133.
[20] 赵 伟.城市空间结构优化的经济分析[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005.
[21] 刘耀彬,李仁东,宋学锋.中国城市化与生态环境耦合度分析[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(1):105~112.
[22] 边经卫.城市轨道交通与城市空间形态模式选择[J].城市交通,2009,7(5):40~44.
[23] Suan E Brodie. Land use and urban transport planning[J].Urban Planning Overseas,1996,2:2-10.
[24] Tian L. Study on land use along high-speed railway transit[J].Modern Urban Research,1999,3:26-29.
[25] 陈 锋,刘金玲,施仲衡.轨道交通构建北京城市空间结构[J].城市规划,2006,30(6):36~39.
[26] 单 刚,王晓原,王凤群.城市交通与城市空间结构演变[J].城市问题,2007,9:37~42.
[27] 房艳刚,刘 鸽,刘继生.城市空间结构的复杂性研究进展[J].地理科学,2005,25(6):754~761.
[28] 周志翔.景观生态学基础[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:98~107.
