交通运输的外部成本日益成为相关学者与政府关注的热点。立足宏观尺度与区域视角,鉴于交通运输成本仍未包含外部成本的现实和理论层面对于外部成本研究的需求,以长江三角洲地区为实证,在分析外部成本及其空间格局的基础上,对比分析了考虑外部成本与否对区域综合运输成本空间格局的影响。研究发现:①长江三角洲地区外部成本巨大,其空间格局具有明显的极化特征,上海地位突出,中心城市及苏锡常、环杭州湾地区节点外部成本普遍较高,此外大部分节点外部成本较低,差异亦不明显;②考虑外部成本与否对长江三角洲地区综合运输成本的总体格局影响不大,"中心-外围"格局特征没有明显变动,上海综合运输成本优势明显,江苏板块略优于浙江板块;③考虑了外部成本,运输周转量较大的中心城市综合运输成本相对上升,而县级节点则相对下降,从区域整体看,外部成本的引入减少了中心城市之间及其与县级节点之间在综合运输成本上的差距,促进了其区域均衡化。
The external cost of transportation has become the focus of scholars and governments′attention.In the macroscopic scale and regional perspective,considering the reality that transportation costs still not contain the external costs and the theoretic demand to study on the external costs,taking the Changjiang River Delta as the case,the external costs and its pattern in the Changjiang River Delta are illustrated in this paper,then the effect considering the external costs or not on the spatial pattern of comprehensive transportation costs are elaborated by comparison analysis.The findings show that the external costs in the Changjiang River Delta is huge, and its spatial pattern takes obvious polarization characteristics,the external costs of Shanghai is extremely high than other nodes,and the external costs of central cities,the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area and the area along Hangzhou Bay is generally higher,but the external costs of most nodes in other area is low,the difference among them are not clear.On the whole,the effect on the pattern of comprehensive transportation costs in the Changjiang River Delta is not significantly considering the external cost or not,the"center-periphery"pattern has changed little,comprehensive transportation cost of Shanghai is predominance,Jiangsu region slightly better than Zhejiang region.Because of the relative large transportation turnover,the comprehensive transportation costs of central cities rise relatively considering external costs,however,those county nodes decline relatively. From the perspective of whole region,the disparity of comprehensive transportation costs both among the main cities and between the main cities and the county nodes are narrowed by introducing the external costs,and the equilibrium of comprehensive transportation costs is improved,which will contribute to the development of those regions with higher comprehensive transportation costs.
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