发达地区通过向欠发达地区转移污染型行业,导致污染由发达地区向欠发达地区转移。同样,在资源的开发利用过程中,生态破坏在区域之间也存在着明显的间接转移。一个地区使用了大量的生态资源,但其绝大部分资源都可能是靠输入,在这种情况下,输入资源地区的生态系统受到了很好的保护,而输出资源地区的生态系统却承受了巨大的生态压力。通过实证研究,应用改进生态足迹模型分析比较了2008年中国31个省市区生态承载力,并讨论了区域间生态破坏转移问题,为实现以生态文明为核心价值取向的区域协调发展战略目标提供决策参考。
During the process of regional industrial transfer and industrial restructuring, the evolution of regional industrial structure sharply contradicts with decreasing of resources and lowing of environmental carrying capacity because of lacking industrial economic and ecological efficiency from the overall view. The pollution was transferred from the developed regions to the developing regions caused by the transfer of polluting industries. Similarly, in the process of development and utilization of resources, conspicuous transfer of ecological destruction exists among regions. A province uses a large number of ecological resources, but most of which are likely to rely on imports, in this case, the ecological system of this province has been protected, but the ecological system of provinces which export the resources are under great ecological stress. Through the empirical studies, this paper analyzed and compared the ecological carrying capacity of 31 provinces of China in 2008, based on the improved ecological footprint model, and discussed the problem of transfer of ecological destruction between regions. The empirical analysis shows that the ecological damage transferred clearly among the regions, the ecological system in the eastern region of China has been well protected, while the pressure of ecological system is increasing in the central and western areas of China where export resources. Therefore, the economic development mode for various areas should be further changed, and the the regional policy made by central government should be further improved.
[1] William Rees,Wackernagel M. Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out? [J]. Environment and Urbanization,1992,4(2):121-130.
[2] 杨开忠,杨咏,陈洁. 生态足迹分析理论与方法[J].地球科学进展,2000,12(6):31~35.
[3] Vuuren D P V,Smeets E M W. Ecological footprint of Benin,Bhutan,Costa Rica,and the Netherlands [J].Ecological Economics,2000,34(1):115-130.
[4] Helmut H,Karl-Heinz E,Fridolin K. How to calculate and interpret ecological footprints for long periods of time: The case of Austria 1926-1995 [J].Ecological Economics,2001,38(6):25-45.
[5] WWF (World-Wide Fund for Nature International). Living Planet Report 2004 [M]. Gland, Switzerland: WWF,2004: 25-58.
[6] Wiedmann,Minx,Barrett,et al. Allocating Ecological Footprints to Final Consumption Categories with Input-Output Analysis,Ecological Economics,2006,56(2):28-48.
[7] 徐中民,张志强,陈国栋.中国年生态足迹计算与发展能力分析[J].应用生态学报,2003,4(2):280~285.
[8] 岳东霞,李自珍,惠苍.甘肃省生态足迹和生态承载力发展趋势研究[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(3):454~463.
[9] 陈敏,王如松,张丽君,等.中国2002年省域生态足迹分析[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(3):29~34.
[10] 熊德国,鲜学福.生态足迹理论在区域可持续发展评价中的应用及改进[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(6):28~32.
[11] 王玉梅,尚金城,徐凌.吉林生态省建设规划背景评价的生态足迹分析[J].环境科学与管理,2005,30(5):15~18.
[12] Wackernagel M,Lillemor Lewan,Carina Borgstrm Hansson. Evaluating the Use of Natural Capital with the Ecological Footprint: Applications in Sweden and Subregions[J]. Ambio,1999,28(7):604-612.
[13] 国家统计局.2009年中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009.
[14] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,Bello P,et al. National natural capacity accounting with the ecological footprint concept[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29(3):375-391.
[15] Wackernagel M,Rees W E.Our Ecological Footprint:Reducing Human Impact on the Earth [M]. Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers,1996:125-128.
