在长春市郊区天然次生林、农田、防护林和市区公园绿地等典型土地利用生境共捕获土壤甲虫32科598只,其中幼虫13科312只,成虫25科286只。应用个体密度、类群数量、群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度等指数,研究土壤甲虫的群落生态结构特征,了解土地利用差异对土壤甲虫群落结构的影响。研究结果表明:长春市不同土地利用生境凋落物的移除对土壤甲虫群落结构没有产生显著影响;农田土壤甲虫群落类群数、个体密度和多样性的降低源于生境作物品种单一和周期性的农田生产活动,防护林在空间上起着相邻农田物种交流廊道的作用;提高生境土壤甲虫群落类群数、个体密度和多样性的关键之一是保持生境类型的复杂性。
The soil coleopteras in Changchun City were investigated with the emphasis laid on the species richness and abundance in relation to the types of land-use,i.e.,farmland,mangrove forest,Three-North Forest Shelterbelt and natural secondary forest in July and September in 2003.The soil coleopteras were hand-sorted and were identified to the families level with the aid of microscope.A total of 598 soil colepoterous individuals was captured and fell into 32 families.These results suggest that the litter removal of land use habitats affect negatively the communitiy structures of soil coleopteras.More and more simple crop type and seasonal agricultural activity reduced group number,individual density and biodiversity of soil coleopteras communities of crop field.Forest shelterbelt was the main corridor that soil coleopteras contact each other in different farmlands.These findings also suggest that keeping complex vegetation can improve group number,individual density and biodiversity of soil coleopteras communities in a habitat.
[1] Doring T F,Hiller A,Wehke S,et al.Biotic indicators of carabid species richness on organically and conventionally managed arable fields[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,2003,98:133-139.
[2] Allegro G,Sciaky R.Assessing the potential role of ground beetles (Coleoptera,Carabidae) as bioindicators in poplar stands,with a newly proposed ecological index (FAI)[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,175:275-284.
[3] Bohac J.Staphylinid beetles as bioindicators[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,1999,74:357-372.
[4] Finch O D.Evaluation of mature conifer plantations as secondary habitat for epigeic forest arthropods (Coleoptera:Carabidae;Araneae)[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,204:23-36.
[5] Asteraki E J,Hart B J,Ings T C,et al.Factors influencing the plant and invertebrate diversity of arable field margins[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,2004,102:219-231.
[6] Fernández Fernández M M,Salgado Costas J M.Recolonization of a burnt pine forest (Pinus pinaster) by Carabidae (Coleoptera)[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2004,40:47-53.
[7] Minarro M,Dapena E.Effects of groundcover management on ground beetles (Coleoptera:Carabidae) in an apple orchard[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2003,23:111-117.
[8] Purvis G,Fadl A.The influence of cropping rotations and soil cultivation practice on the population ecology of carabids (Coleoptera:Carabidae) in arable land[J].Pedobiologia,2002,46:452-474.
[9] Noordhuis R,Thomas S R,Goulson D.Overwintering populations of beetle larvae (Coleoptera) in cereal fields and their contribution to adult populations in the spring[J].Pedobiologia,2001,45:84-95.
[10] 张荣祖,杨明宪,陈鹏,等.长白山北坡森林生态系统土壤动物初步调查[J].森林生态系统研究,1980,(1):133～152.
[11] 刘云慧,宇振荣,刘云.北京东北旺农田景观步甲群落结构的时空动态比较[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):85～90.
[12] 刘新民,刘永江,乌宁,等.内蒙古典型草原金龟总科昆虫群落动态及对放牧的响应[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(4):417～421.
[13] 路有成,王宗英,李景科,等.皖南低丘陵板栗林土壤甲虫群落研究[J].生态学杂志,1994,13(6):1～6.
[14] 陈鹏.土壤动物的采集和调查方法[J].生态学杂志,1983,2(2):46～51.
[15] 王宗英,路有成,李景科.九华山土壤甲虫的生态分布[J].动物学研究,1994,15(2):23～31.
[16] 尹文英,肖宁年,林长闲,等.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.354～365,651～663.
[17] 于晓东,罗天宏,周红章.四川蜂桶寨国家自然保护区地表甲虫物种多样性[J].昆虫学报,2003,46(5):609～616.
[18] 杨效东,沙丽清.西双版纳热带人工林与次生林土壤动物群落结构时空变化初查[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):116～123.
[19] 殷秀琴,吴东辉,韩晓梅.小兴安岭森林土壤动物群落多样性研究[J].地理科学,2003,23(3):316～322.
[20] Kromp B.Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture:a review on pest control efficacy,cultivation impacts and enhancement[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,1999,74:187-228.
[21] Melnychuk N A,Olfert O,Youngs B,et al.Abundance and diversity of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in different farming systems[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,2003,95:69-72.
[22] Krooss S,Schaefer M.The effect of different farming systems on epigeic arthropods:a five-year study on the rove beetle fauna (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae) of winter wheat[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,1998,69:121-133.
[23] Holland J M,Reynolds C J M.The impact of soil cultivation on arthropod (Coleoptera and Araneae) emergence on arable land[J].Pedobiologia,2003,47:181-191.
[24] Thomas C F G,Marshall E J P.Arthropod abundance and diversity in differently vegetated margins of arable fields[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,1999,72:131-144.
[25] Molnár T,Magura T,Tóthmérész B.Groukd beetles (Carabidae) and edge effect in oak-hornbean forest and grassland transecrs[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2001,37:297-300.
